Report Detail
Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Insights, Forecast to 2028
- RnM4395856 |
- 14 March, 2022 |
- Global |
- 112 Pages |
- QYResearch |
- Consumer Goods
Summary:
Market Analysis and Insights: Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market size is estimated to be worth US$ million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ million by 2028 with a CAGR of % during the review period. Fully considering the economic change by this health crisis, 1 Cup accounting for % of the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter global market in 2021, is projected to value US$ million by 2028, growing at a revised % CAGR in the post-COVID-19 period. While Residential segment is altered to an % CAGR throughout this forecast period.
China Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market size is valued at US$ million in 2021, while the US and Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter are US$ million and US$ million, severally. The proportion of the US is % in 2021, while China and Europe are % and % respectively, and it is predicted that China proportion will reach % in 2028, trailing a CAGR of % through the analysis period. Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia are noteworthy markets in Asia, with CAGR %, %, and % respectively for the next 6-year period. As for the Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter landscape, Germany is projected to reach US$ million by 2028 trailing a CAGR of % over the forecast period.
The global key manufacturers of Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter include Veribor, Stanley, Omni Cubed, Aardwolf, Abaco Machines, Rubi Tools, Weha, Woods Power-Grip and Bohle Group, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
Market Segments
The authors of this research report have explored the key segments: Type and Application. The report offers an in-depth breakdown of type and application segments and their sub-segments. The lucrativeness and growth potential have been looked into by the industry experts in this report. This section of the report also provides sales and revenue forecast data by type and application segments based on sales, price, and revenue for the period 2017-2028. The specialists, to broaden the understanding of the users, have done value chain and raw material analysis in this section.
Segment by Type
1 Cup
2 Cup
3 Cup
Others
Segment by Application
Residential
Commercial
Consequence of Covid-19 Pandemic
The authors of this study have enlightened the readers on the rise and effect of the Covid-19 outbreak on the development. They have investigated the changes brought about in the demand/supply side, consumption, supply chain, and sales/manufacturing. The readers will get familiar with the measures that have helped the key players to bring the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market back to the pre-covid levels.
Trends & Prospects
In this segment of the report, the specialists have delved into the key growth opportunities that are likely to emerge. This will aid the key players to simplify complex issues related to business and frame future strategies to compete in this competitive environment. This section will certainly assist the players to boldly position their business.
By Region
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
China Taiwan
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Competitive Outlook
In this section of the report, the researchers have done a comprehensive analysis of the prominent players operating and the strategies they are focusing on to combat the intense competition. Company profiles and share analysis of the prominent players are also provided in this section. They have also provided reliable sales and revenue data of the manufacturers for the period 2017-2022. With the assistance of this report, key players, stakeholders, and other participants will be able to stay abreast of the recent and upcoming developments in the business, further enabling them to make efficient choices. Mentioned below are the prime players taken into account in this research report:
Veribor
Stanley
Omni Cubed
Aardwolf
Abaco Machines
Rubi Tools
Weha
Woods Power-Grip
Bohle Group
VUOTOTECNICA
All-Vac Industries
J. Schmalz GmbH
Ingersoll Rand Inc.
Glaston Corp.
ANVER Corp.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which is the most lucrative product segment in the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market?
Which are the prominent strategies of the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market players?
Which factors are increasing the competition in the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market?
Which are the recommendations provided by the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter industry experts?
Which region will witness rewarding growth during the forecast period?
What factors will curb the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market growth?
Which product segment will register the fastest growth rate in the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market?
Which emerging trends will impact the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market growth?
Which are the high-impact rendering factors in the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market?
Which companies will maintain their lead on the Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market?
Table of Contents
1 Study Coverage
- 1.1 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Introduction
- 1.2 Market by Type
- 1.2.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
- 1.2.2 1 Cup
- 1.2.3 2 Cup
- 1.2.4 3 Cup
- 1.2.5 Others
- 1.3 Market by Application
- 1.3.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
- 1.3.2 Residential
- 1.3.3 Commercial
- 1.4 Study Objectives
- 1.5 Years Considered
2 Executive Summary
- 2.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
- 2.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
- 2.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
- 2.4 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Region
- 2.4.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Region (2017-2022)
- 2.4.2 Global Sales Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter by Region (2023-2028)
- 2.5 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Region
- 2.5.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Region (2017-2022)
- 2.5.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Region (2023-2028)
- 2.6 North America
- 2.7 Europe
- 2.8 Asia-Pacific
- 2.9 Latin America
- 2.10 Middle East & Africa
3 Competition by Manufacturers
- 3.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Manufacturers
- 3.1.1 Global Top Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Manufacturers by Sales (2017-2022)
- 3.1.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
- 3.1.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter in 2021
- 3.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Manufacturers
- 3.2.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
- 3.2.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
- 3.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue in 2021
- 3.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
- 3.4.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
- 3.4.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
- 3.4.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Manufacturers Geographical Distribution
- 3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
- 4.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Type
- 4.1.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Historical Sales by Type (2017-2022)
- 4.1.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Forecasted Sales by Type (2023-2028)
- 4.1.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
- 4.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Type
- 4.2.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Historical Revenue by Type (2017-2022)
- 4.2.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Forecasted Revenue by Type (2023-2028)
- 4.2.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
- 4.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Price by Type
- 4.3.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Price by Type (2017-2022)
- 4.3.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
5 Market Size by Application
- 5.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Application
- 5.1.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Historical Sales by Application (2017-2022)
- 5.1.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Forecasted Sales by Application (2023-2028)
- 5.1.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
- 5.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Application
- 5.2.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Historical Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
- 5.2.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Forecasted Revenue by Application (2023-2028)
- 5.2.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
- 5.3 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Price by Application
- 5.3.1 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Price by Application (2017-2022)
- 5.3.2 Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
6 North America
- 6.1 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Type
- 6.1.1 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Type (2017-2028)
- 6.1.2 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
- 6.2 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Application
- 6.2.1 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Application (2017-2028)
- 6.2.2 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
- 6.3 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Country
- 6.3.1 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Country (2017-2028)
- 6.3.2 North America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
- 6.3.3 United States
- 6.3.4 Canada
7 Europe
- 7.1 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Type
- 7.1.1 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Type (2017-2028)
- 7.1.2 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
- 7.2 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Application
- 7.2.1 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Application (2017-2028)
- 7.2.2 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
- 7.3 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Country
- 7.3.1 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Country (2017-2028)
- 7.3.2 Europe Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
- 7.3.3 Germany
- 7.3.4 France
- 7.3.5 U.K.
- 7.3.6 Italy
- 7.3.7 Russia
8 Asia Pacific
- 8.1 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Type
- 8.1.1 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Type (2017-2028)
- 8.1.2 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
- 8.2 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Application
- 8.2.1 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Application (2017-2028)
- 8.2.2 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
- 8.3 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Region
- 8.3.1 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Region (2017-2028)
- 8.3.2 Asia Pacific Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
- 8.3.3 China
- 8.3.4 Japan
- 8.3.5 South Korea
- 8.3.6 India
- 8.3.7 Australia
- 8.3.8 China Taiwan
- 8.3.9 Indonesia
- 8.3.10 Thailand
- 8.3.11 Malaysia
9 Latin America
- 9.1 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Type
- 9.1.1 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Type (2017-2028)
- 9.1.2 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
- 9.2 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Application
- 9.2.1 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Application (2017-2028)
- 9.2.2 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
- 9.3 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Country
- 9.3.1 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Country (2017-2028)
- 9.3.2 Latin America Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
- 9.3.3 Mexico
- 9.3.4 Brazil
- 9.3.5 Argentina
10 Middle East and Africa
- 10.1 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Type
- 10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Type (2017-2028)
- 10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
- 10.2 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Application
- 10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Application (2017-2028)
- 10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
- 10.3 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales by Country (2017-2028)
- 10.3.2 Middle East and Africa Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
- 10.3.3 Turkey
- 10.3.4 Saudi Arabia
11 Company Profiles
- 11.1 Veribor
- 11.1.1 Veribor Corporation Information
- 11.1.2 Veribor Overview
- 11.1.3 Veribor Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.1.4 Veribor Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.1.5 Veribor Recent Developments
- 11.2 Stanley
- 11.2.1 Stanley Corporation Information
- 11.2.2 Stanley Overview
- 11.2.3 Stanley Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.2.4 Stanley Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.2.5 Stanley Recent Developments
- 11.3 Omni Cubed
- 11.3.1 Omni Cubed Corporation Information
- 11.3.2 Omni Cubed Overview
- 11.3.3 Omni Cubed Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.3.4 Omni Cubed Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.3.5 Omni Cubed Recent Developments
- 11.4 Aardwolf
- 11.4.1 Aardwolf Corporation Information
- 11.4.2 Aardwolf Overview
- 11.4.3 Aardwolf Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.4.4 Aardwolf Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.4.5 Aardwolf Recent Developments
- 11.5 Abaco Machines
- 11.5.1 Abaco Machines Corporation Information
- 11.5.2 Abaco Machines Overview
- 11.5.3 Abaco Machines Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.5.4 Abaco Machines Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.5.5 Abaco Machines Recent Developments
- 11.6 Rubi Tools
- 11.6.1 Rubi Tools Corporation Information
- 11.6.2 Rubi Tools Overview
- 11.6.3 Rubi Tools Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.6.4 Rubi Tools Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.6.5 Rubi Tools Recent Developments
- 11.7 Weha
- 11.7.1 Weha Corporation Information
- 11.7.2 Weha Overview
- 11.7.3 Weha Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.7.4 Weha Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.7.5 Weha Recent Developments
- 11.8 Woods Power-Grip
- 11.8.1 Woods Power-Grip Corporation Information
- 11.8.2 Woods Power-Grip Overview
- 11.8.3 Woods Power-Grip Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.8.4 Woods Power-Grip Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.8.5 Woods Power-Grip Recent Developments
- 11.9 Bohle Group
- 11.9.1 Bohle Group Corporation Information
- 11.9.2 Bohle Group Overview
- 11.9.3 Bohle Group Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.9.4 Bohle Group Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.9.5 Bohle Group Recent Developments
- 11.10 VUOTOTECNICA
- 11.10.1 VUOTOTECNICA Corporation Information
- 11.10.2 VUOTOTECNICA Overview
- 11.10.3 VUOTOTECNICA Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.10.4 VUOTOTECNICA Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.10.5 VUOTOTECNICA Recent Developments
- 11.11 All-Vac Industries
- 11.11.1 All-Vac Industries Corporation Information
- 11.11.2 All-Vac Industries Overview
- 11.11.3 All-Vac Industries Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.11.4 All-Vac Industries Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.11.5 All-Vac Industries Recent Developments
- 11.12 J. Schmalz GmbH
- 11.12.1 J. Schmalz GmbH Corporation Information
- 11.12.2 J. Schmalz GmbH Overview
- 11.12.3 J. Schmalz GmbH Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.12.4 J. Schmalz GmbH Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.12.5 J. Schmalz GmbH Recent Developments
- 11.13 Ingersoll Rand Inc.
- 11.13.1 Ingersoll Rand Inc. Corporation Information
- 11.13.2 Ingersoll Rand Inc. Overview
- 11.13.3 Ingersoll Rand Inc. Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.13.4 Ingersoll Rand Inc. Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.13.5 Ingersoll Rand Inc. Recent Developments
- 11.14 Glaston Corp.
- 11.14.1 Glaston Corp. Corporation Information
- 11.14.2 Glaston Corp. Overview
- 11.14.3 Glaston Corp. Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.14.4 Glaston Corp. Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.14.5 Glaston Corp. Recent Developments
- 11.15 ANVER Corp.
- 11.15.1 ANVER Corp. Corporation Information
- 11.15.2 ANVER Corp. Overview
- 11.15.3 ANVER Corp. Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 11.15.4 ANVER Corp. Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
- 11.15.5 ANVER Corp. Recent Developments
12 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
- 12.1 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Industry Chain Analysis
- 12.2 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Key Raw Materials
- 12.2.1 Key Raw Materials
- 12.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
- 12.3 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Production Mode & Process
- 12.4 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales and Marketing
- 12.4.1 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Sales Channels
- 12.4.2 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Distributors
- 12.5 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Customers
13 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
- 13.1 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Industry Trends
- 13.2 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Drivers
- 13.3 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Challenges
- 13.4 Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Restraints
14 Key Findings in The Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Study
15 Appendix
- 15.1 Research Methodology
- 15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
- 15.1.2 Data Source
- 15.2 Author Details
Summary:
Get latest Market Research Reports on Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter. Industry analysis & Market Report on Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter is a syndicated market report, published as Global Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter Market Insights, Forecast to 2028. It is complete Research Study and Industry Analysis of Vacuum Suction Cup Glass Lifter market, to understand, Market Demand, Growth, trends analysis and Factor Influencing market.
REPORT YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED
Related Reports
Reason to Buy
Reports and Markets
Contact Us
+1-352-353-0818 (US)Newsletter
KEEP UP TO DATE ON ALL THE LATEST REPORTS
