Global Luxury Car Rental Industry Market Research Report

Global Luxury Car Rental Industry Market Research Report

1 Luxury Car Rental Introduction and Market Overview

• 1.1 Objectives of the Study
• 1.2 Definition of Luxury Car Rental
• 1.3 Luxury Car Rental Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
  • 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
  • 1.3.2 Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
• 1.4 Market Segmentation
  • 1.4.1 Types of Luxury Car Rental
  • 1.4.2 Applications of Luxury Car Rental
  • 1.4.3 Research Regions
    • 1.4.3.1 North America Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.2 Europe Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.3 China Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.4 Japan Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.6 India Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.7 South America Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
• 1.5 Market Dynamics
  • 1.5.1 Drivers
    • 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Luxury Car Rental
    • 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Luxury Car Rental
  • 1.5.2 Limitations
  • 1.5.3 Opportunities
• 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
  • 1.6.1 Industry News
  • 1.6.2 Industry Policies

2 Industry Chain Analysis

• 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Luxury Car Rental Analysis
• 2.2 Major Players of Luxury Car Rental
  • 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Luxury Car Rental in 2021
  • 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
• 2.3 Luxury Car Rental Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
  • 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
  • 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Luxury Car Rental
  • 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Luxury Car Rental
  • 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Luxury Car Rental
• 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Luxury Car Rental
• 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Luxury Car Rental Analysis

3 Global Luxury Car Rental Market, by Type

• 3.1 Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.2 Global Luxury Car Rental Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.3 Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.4 Global Luxury Car Rental Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)

4 Luxury Car Rental Market, by Application

• 4.1 Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
• 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
• 4.3 Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)

5 Global Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

• 5.1 Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.2 Global Luxury Car Rental Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.3 Global Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.4 North America Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.5 Europe Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.6 China Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.7 Japan Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.9 India Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.10 South America Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

6 Global Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)

• 6.1 Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
• 6.2 North America Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.3 Europe Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.4 China Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.5 Japan Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.6 Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.7 India Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.8 South America Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

7 Global Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

• 7.1 North America Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.2 Europe Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.3 China Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.4 Japan Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.5 Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.6 India Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.7 South America Luxury Car Rental Market Status and SWOT Analysis

8 Competitive Landscape

• 8.1 Competitive Profile
• 8.2 eHi Car Service
  • 8.2.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.2.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.2.3 eHi Car Service Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.2.4 eHi Car Service Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.3 Avis China Car Rental Service
  • 8.3.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.3.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.3.3 Avis China Car Rental Service Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.3.4 Avis China Car Rental Service Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.4 Europcar
  • 8.4.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.4.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.4.3 Europcar Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.4.4 Europcar Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.5 Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing
  • 8.5.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.5.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.5.3 Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.5.4 Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.6 Expedia
  • 8.6.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.6.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.6.3 Expedia Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.6.4 Expedia Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.7 Beijing Central Chauffer
  • 8.7.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.7.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.7.3 Beijing Central Chauffer Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.7.4 Beijing Central Chauffer Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.8 Beijing North Star Car Rental Company
  • 8.8.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.8.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.8.3 Beijing North Star Car Rental Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.8.4 Beijing North Star Car Rental Company Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.9 China Auto Rental
  • 8.9.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.9.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.9.3 China Auto Rental Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.9.4 China Auto Rental Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.10 Guangzhou Refine Car Rental
  • 8.10.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.10.2 Luxury Car Rental Product Introduction
  • 8.10.3 Guangzhou Refine Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.10.4 Guangzhou Refine Car Rental Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

9 Global Luxury Car Rental Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application

• 9.1 Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.1 Compact Luxury Cars Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.2 Mid-size Luxury Cars Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.3 Full-size Luxury Cars Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.4 Luxury Crossovers & Minivans Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.5 Luxury SUVs Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
• 9.2 Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.1 Local Usage Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.2 Airport Transport Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.3 Outstation Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.4 Others Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)

10 Luxury Car Rental Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

• 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)

11 New Project Feasibility Analysis

• 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
• 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment

12 Research Finding and Conclusion

13 Appendix

• 13.1 Discussion Guide
• 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
• 13.3 Research Data Source
• 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture of Luxury Car Rental

Table Product Specification of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027

Table Different Types of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022

Figure Compact Luxury Cars Picture

Figure Mid-size Luxury Cars Picture

Figure Full-size Luxury Cars Picture

Figure Luxury Crossovers & Minivans Picture

Figure Luxury SUVs Picture

Table Different Applications of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022

Figure Local Usage Picture

Figure Airport Transport Picture

Figure Outstation Picture

Figure Others Picture

Table Research Regions of Luxury Car Rental

Figure North America Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Figure Europe Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table China Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Japan Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table India Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table South America Luxury Car Rental Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Emerging Countries of Luxury Car Rental

Table Growing Market of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Luxury Car Rental

Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Luxury Car Rental with Contact Information

Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Luxury Car Rental in 2021

Table Major Players Luxury Car Rental Product Types in 2021

Figure Production Process of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Luxury Car Rental

Figure Channel Status of Luxury Car Rental

Table Major Distributors of Luxury Car Rental with Contact Information

Table Major Downstream Buyers of Luxury Car Rental with Contact Information

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Production by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate of Compact Luxury Cars

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate of Mid-size Luxury Cars

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate of Full-size Luxury Cars

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate of Luxury Crossovers & Minivans

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) and Growth Rate of Luxury SUVs

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Price by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption by Application (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Local Usage (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Airport Transport (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Outstation (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Production by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table North America Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Europe Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table China Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Japan Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table India Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table South America Luxury Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Table North America Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Europe Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table China Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Japan Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table India Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table South America Luxury Car Rental Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Figure North America Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure Europe Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure China Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure Japan Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure India Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure South America Luxury Car Rental Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America Luxury Car Rental SWOT Analysis

Figure Top 3 Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Companies

Figure Top 6 Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Companies

Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table eHi Car Service Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure eHi Car Service Production and Growth Rate

Figure eHi Car Service Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure eHi Car Service Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Avis China Car Rental Service Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Avis China Car Rental Service Production and Growth Rate

Figure Avis China Car Rental Service Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Avis China Car Rental Service Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Europcar Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Europcar Production and Growth Rate

Figure Europcar Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Europcar Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing Production and Growth Rate

Figure Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Shenzhen YST Auto Leasing Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Expedia Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Expedia Production and Growth Rate

Figure Expedia Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Expedia Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Beijing Central Chauffer Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Beijing Central Chauffer Production and Growth Rate

Figure Beijing Central Chauffer Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Beijing Central Chauffer Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Beijing North Star Car Rental Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Beijing North Star Car Rental Company Production and Growth Rate

Figure Beijing North Star Car Rental Company Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Beijing North Star Car Rental Company Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table China Auto Rental Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure China Auto Rental Production and Growth Rate

Figure China Auto Rental Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure China Auto Rental Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Guangzhou Refine Car Rental Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Guangzhou Refine Car Rental Production and Growth Rate

Figure Guangzhou Refine Car Rental Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Guangzhou Refine Car Rental Market Share of Luxury Car Rental Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type

Table Global Luxury Car Rental Market Volume Forecast, by Type

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Compact Luxury Cars (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Compact Luxury Cars (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Mid-size Luxury Cars (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Mid-size Luxury Cars (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Full-size Luxury Cars (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Full-size Luxury Cars (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Luxury Crossovers & Minivans (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Luxury Crossovers & Minivans (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Luxury SUVs (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Luxury SUVs (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Local Usage (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Airport Transport (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Outstation (2017-2022)

Figure Global Luxury Car Rental Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2017-2022)

Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2022-2027)

Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2022-2027)

Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis

Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis

Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery