Global Digital Signatures Industry Market Research Report

Global Digital Signatures Industry Market Research Report

1 Digital Signatures Introduction and Market Overview

• 1.1 Objectives of the Study
• 1.2 Definition of Digital Signatures
• 1.3 Digital Signatures Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
  • 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
  • 1.3.2 Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
• 1.4 Market Segmentation
  • 1.4.1 Types of Digital Signatures
  • 1.4.2 Applications of Digital Signatures
  • 1.4.3 Research Regions
    • 1.4.3.1 North America Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.2 Europe Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.3 China Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.4 Japan Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.6 India Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.7 South America Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
• 1.5 Market Dynamics
  • 1.5.1 Drivers
    • 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Digital Signatures
    • 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Digital Signatures
  • 1.5.2 Limitations
  • 1.5.3 Opportunities
• 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
  • 1.6.1 Industry News
  • 1.6.2 Industry Policies

2 Industry Chain Analysis

• 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Digital Signatures Analysis
• 2.2 Major Players of Digital Signatures
  • 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Digital Signatures in 2021
  • 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
• 2.3 Digital Signatures Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
  • 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
  • 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Digital Signatures
  • 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Digital Signatures
  • 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Digital Signatures
• 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Digital Signatures
• 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Digital Signatures Analysis

3 Global Digital Signatures Market, by Type

• 3.1 Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.2 Global Digital Signatures Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.3 Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.4 Global Digital Signatures Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)

4 Digital Signatures Market, by Application

• 4.1 Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
• 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
• 4.3 Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)

5 Global Digital Signatures Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

• 5.1 Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.2 Global Digital Signatures Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.3 Global Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.4 North America Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.5 Europe Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.6 China Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.7 Japan Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.9 India Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.10 South America Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

6 Global Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)

• 6.1 Global Digital Signatures Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
• 6.2 North America Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.3 Europe Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.4 China Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.5 Japan Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.6 Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.7 India Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.8 South America Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

7 Global Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

• 7.1 North America Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.2 Europe Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.3 China Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.4 Japan Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.5 Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.6 India Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.7 South America Digital Signatures Market Status and SWOT Analysis

8 Competitive Landscape

• 8.1 Competitive Profile
• 8.2 ePadLink
  • 8.2.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.2.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.2.3 ePadLink Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.2.4 ePadLink Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.3 Digistamp
  • 8.3.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.3.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.3.3 Digistamp Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.3.4 Digistamp Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.4 SunGard Signix Inc
  • 8.4.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.4.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.4.3 SunGard Signix Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.4.4 SunGard Signix Inc Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.5 Wacom
  • 8.5.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.5.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.5.3 Wacom Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.5.4 Wacom Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.6 SafeNet, Inc.
  • 8.6.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.6.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.6.3 SafeNet, Inc. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.6.4 SafeNet, Inc. Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.7 RightSignature
  • 8.7.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.7.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.7.3 RightSignature Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.7.4 RightSignature Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.8 Globalsign
  • 8.8.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.8.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.8.3 Globalsign Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.8.4 Globalsign Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.9 Silanis-eSignLive
  • 8.9.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.9.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.9.3 Silanis-eSignLive Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.9.4 Silanis-eSignLive Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.10 Topaz systems
  • 8.10.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.10.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.10.3 Topaz systems Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.10.4 Topaz systems Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.11 DocuSign
  • 8.11.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.11.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.11.3 DocuSign Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.11.4 DocuSign Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.12 HelloSign
  • 8.12.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.12.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.12.3 HelloSign Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.12.4 HelloSign Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.13 Ascertia
  • 8.13.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.13.2 Digital Signatures Product Introduction
  • 8.13.3 Ascertia Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.13.4 Ascertia Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

9 Global Digital Signatures Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application

• 9.1 Global Digital Signatures Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.1 On-premises Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.2 Cloud Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
• 9.2 Global Digital Signatures Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.1 BFSI Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.2 Government Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.3 Healthcare Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.4 Oil & Gas Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.5 Military and Defense Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.6 Logistics and Transportation Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.7 Research and Education Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.8 Others Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)

10 Digital Signatures Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

• 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)

11 New Project Feasibility Analysis

• 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
• 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment

12 Research Finding and Conclusion

13 Appendix

• 13.1 Discussion Guide
• 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
• 13.3 Research Data Source
• 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture of Digital Signatures

Table Product Specification of Digital Signatures

Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Digital Signatures

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027

Table Different Types of Digital Signatures

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022

Figure On-premises Picture

Figure Cloud Picture

Table Different Applications of Digital Signatures

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022

Figure BFSI Picture

Figure Government Picture

Figure Healthcare Picture

Figure Oil & Gas Picture

Figure Military and Defense Picture

Figure Logistics and Transportation Picture

Figure Research and Education Picture

Figure Others Picture

Table Research Regions of Digital Signatures

Figure North America Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Figure Europe Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table China Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Japan Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table India Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table South America Digital Signatures Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Emerging Countries of Digital Signatures

Table Growing Market of Digital Signatures

Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Digital Signatures

Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Digital Signatures with Contact Information

Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Digital Signatures in 2021

Table Major Players Digital Signatures Product Types in 2021

Figure Production Process of Digital Signatures

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Digital Signatures

Figure Channel Status of Digital Signatures

Table Major Distributors of Digital Signatures with Contact Information

Table Major Downstream Buyers of Digital Signatures with Contact Information

Table Global Digital Signatures Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Production by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Growth Rate of On-premises

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) and Growth Rate of Cloud

Figure Global Digital Signatures Price by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Consumption by Application (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of BFSI (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Government (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Healthcare (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Oil & Gas (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Military and Defense (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Logistics and Transportation (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Research and Education (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Production by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table North America Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Europe Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table China Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Japan Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table India Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table South America Digital Signatures Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Global Digital Signatures Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Table North America Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Europe Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table China Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Japan Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table India Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table South America Digital Signatures Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Figure North America Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure Europe Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure China Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure Japan Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure India Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure South America Digital Signatures Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America Digital Signatures SWOT Analysis

Figure Top 3 Market Share of Digital Signatures Companies

Figure Top 6 Market Share of Digital Signatures Companies

Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table ePadLink Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure ePadLink Production and Growth Rate

Figure ePadLink Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure ePadLink Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Digistamp Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Digistamp Production and Growth Rate

Figure Digistamp Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Digistamp Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table SunGard Signix Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure SunGard Signix Inc Production and Growth Rate

Figure SunGard Signix Inc Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure SunGard Signix Inc Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Wacom Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Wacom Production and Growth Rate

Figure Wacom Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Wacom Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table SafeNet, Inc. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure SafeNet, Inc. Production and Growth Rate

Figure SafeNet, Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure SafeNet, Inc. Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table RightSignature Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure RightSignature Production and Growth Rate

Figure RightSignature Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure RightSignature Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Globalsign Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Globalsign Production and Growth Rate

Figure Globalsign Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Globalsign Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Silanis-eSignLive Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Silanis-eSignLive Production and Growth Rate

Figure Silanis-eSignLive Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Silanis-eSignLive Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Topaz systems Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Topaz systems Production and Growth Rate

Figure Topaz systems Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Topaz systems Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table DocuSign Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure DocuSign Production and Growth Rate

Figure DocuSign Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure DocuSign Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table HelloSign Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure HelloSign Production and Growth Rate

Figure HelloSign Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure HelloSign Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Ascertia Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Ascertia Production and Growth Rate

Figure Ascertia Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Ascertia Market Share of Digital Signatures Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Global Digital Signatures Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type

Table Global Digital Signatures Market Volume Forecast, by Type

Figure Global Digital Signatures Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of On-premises (2022-2027)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of On-premises (2022-2027)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Cloud (2022-2027)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Cloud (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of BFSI (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Government (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Healthcare (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Oil & Gas (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Military and Defense (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Logistics and Transportation (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Research and Education (2017-2022)

Figure Global Digital Signatures Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2017-2022)

Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2022-2027)

Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2022-2027)

Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis

Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis

Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery