Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market 2026 by Company, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2032
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Overview and Scope
- 1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
- 1.3 Classification of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services by Type
- 1.3.1 Overview: Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Type: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.3.2 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2025
- 1.3.3 Laboratory Services
- 1.3.4 On-site Services
- 1.4 Classification of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services by Service Nature and Purpose
- 1.4.1 Overview: Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Service Nature and Purpose: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.4.2 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value Market Share by Service Nature and Purpose in 2025
- 1.4.3 Mandatory Certification and Inspection
- 1.4.4 Voluntary Evaluation and Testing
- 1.4.5 Judicial Appraisal and Arbitration Inspection
- 1.5 Classification of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services by Service Chain Links
- 1.5.1 Overview: Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Service Chain Links: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.5.2 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value Market Share by Service Chain Links in 2025
- 1.5.3 Research and Development Design Stage
- 1.5.4 Production and Supply Chain Stage
- 1.5.5 Market Access and Distribution Stage
- 1.5.6 Operation and Maintenance Stage
- 1.6 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market by Application
- 1.6.1 Overview: Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Application: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.6.2 Industrial
- 1.6.3 Aerospace
- 1.6.4 Power
- 1.6.5 Others
- 1.7 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size & Forecast
- 1.8 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast by Region
- 1.8.1 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 1.8.2 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Region, (2021-2032)
- 1.8.3 North America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Prospect (2021-2032)
- 1.8.4 Europe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Prospect (2021-2032)
- 1.8.5 Asia-Pacific Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Prospect (2021-2032)
- 1.8.6 South America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Prospect (2021-2032)
- 1.8.7 Middle East & Africa Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Prospect (2021-2032)
2 Company Profiles
- 2.1 Transcat
- 2.1.1 Transcat Details
- 2.1.2 Transcat Major Business
- 2.1.3 Transcat Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.1.4 Transcat Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.1.5 Transcat Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.2 Trescal
- 2.2.1 Trescal Details
- 2.2.2 Trescal Major Business
- 2.2.3 Trescal Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.2.4 Trescal Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.2.5 Trescal Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.3 MicronPA
- 2.3.1 MicronPA Details
- 2.3.2 MicronPA Major Business
- 2.3.3 MicronPA Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.3.4 MicronPA Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.3.5 MicronPA Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.4 TMI Calibration
- 2.4.1 TMI Calibration Details
- 2.4.2 TMI Calibration Major Business
- 2.4.3 TMI Calibration Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.4.4 TMI Calibration Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.4.5 TMI Calibration Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.5 ZEISS
- 2.5.1 ZEISS Details
- 2.5.2 ZEISS Major Business
- 2.5.3 ZEISS Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.5.4 ZEISS Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.5.5 ZEISS Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.6 Bionetics
- 2.6.1 Bionetics Details
- 2.6.2 Bionetics Major Business
- 2.6.3 Bionetics Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.6.4 Bionetics Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.6.5 Bionetics Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.7 Garber Metrology
- 2.7.1 Garber Metrology Details
- 2.7.2 Garber Metrology Major Business
- 2.7.3 Garber Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.7.4 Garber Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.7.5 Garber Metrology Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.8 Alcami
- 2.8.1 Alcami Details
- 2.8.2 Alcami Major Business
- 2.8.3 Alcami Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.8.4 Alcami Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.8.5 Alcami Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.9 MTS Systems
- 2.9.1 MTS Systems Details
- 2.9.2 MTS Systems Major Business
- 2.9.3 MTS Systems Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.9.4 MTS Systems Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.9.5 MTS Systems Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.10 Florida Metrology
- 2.10.1 Florida Metrology Details
- 2.10.2 Florida Metrology Major Business
- 2.10.3 Florida Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.10.4 Florida Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.10.5 Florida Metrology Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.11 Fox Valley Metrology
- 2.11.1 Fox Valley Metrology Details
- 2.11.2 Fox Valley Metrology Major Business
- 2.11.3 Fox Valley Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.11.4 Fox Valley Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.11.5 Fox Valley Metrology Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.12 Laboratory Testing Inc
- 2.12.1 Laboratory Testing Inc Details
- 2.12.2 Laboratory Testing Inc Major Business
- 2.12.3 Laboratory Testing Inc Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.12.4 Laboratory Testing Inc Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.12.5 Laboratory Testing Inc Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.13 Tektronix
- 2.13.1 Tektronix Details
- 2.13.2 Tektronix Major Business
- 2.13.3 Tektronix Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.13.4 Tektronix Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.13.5 Tektronix Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.14 Calibrating Services
- 2.14.1 Calibrating Services Details
- 2.14.2 Calibrating Services Major Business
- 2.14.3 Calibrating Services Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.14.4 Calibrating Services Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.14.5 Calibrating Services Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.15 Constellation PowerLabs
- 2.15.1 Constellation PowerLabs Details
- 2.15.2 Constellation PowerLabs Major Business
- 2.15.3 Constellation PowerLabs Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.15.4 Constellation PowerLabs Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.15.5 Constellation PowerLabs Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.16 Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik
- 2.16.1 Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik Details
- 2.16.2 Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik Major Business
- 2.16.3 Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.16.4 Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.16.5 Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.17 TAI Engineering
- 2.17.1 TAI Engineering Details
- 2.17.2 TAI Engineering Major Business
- 2.17.3 TAI Engineering Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.17.4 TAI Engineering Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.17.5 TAI Engineering Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.18 Mitutoyo Calibration
- 2.18.1 Mitutoyo Calibration Details
- 2.18.2 Mitutoyo Calibration Major Business
- 2.18.3 Mitutoyo Calibration Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.18.4 Mitutoyo Calibration Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.18.5 Mitutoyo Calibration Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.19 Korea Testing Laboratory
- 2.19.1 Korea Testing Laboratory Details
- 2.19.2 Korea Testing Laboratory Major Business
- 2.19.3 Korea Testing Laboratory Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.19.4 Korea Testing Laboratory Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.19.5 Korea Testing Laboratory Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.20 GRG Metrology
- 2.20.1 GRG Metrology Details
- 2.20.2 GRG Metrology Major Business
- 2.20.3 GRG Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.20.4 GRG Metrology Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.20.5 GRG Metrology Recent Developments and Future Plans
- 2.21 CTI
- 2.21.1 CTI Details
- 2.21.2 CTI Major Business
- 2.21.3 CTI Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Product and Solutions
- 2.21.4 CTI Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.21.5 CTI Recent Developments and Future Plans
3 Market Competition, by Players
- 3.1 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Revenue and Share by Players (2021-2026)
- 3.2 Market Share Analysis (2025)
- 3.2.1 Market Share of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services by Company Revenue
- 3.2.2 Top 3 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Players Market Share in 2025
- 3.2.3 Top 6 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Players Market Share in 2025
- 3.3 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
- 3.3.1 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market: Region Footprint
- 3.3.2 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market: Company Product Type Footprint
- 3.3.3 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market: Company Product Application Footprint
- 3.4 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
- 3.5 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Market Size Segment by Type
- 4.1 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value and Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
- 4.2 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
5 Market Size Segment by Application
- 5.1 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
- 5.2 Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
6 North America
- 6.1 North America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 6.2 North America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.3 North America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Country
- 6.3.1 North America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 6.3.2 United States Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 6.3.3 Canada Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 6.3.4 Mexico Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
7 Europe
- 7.1 Europe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 7.2 Europe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 7.3 Europe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Country
- 7.3.1 Europe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 7.3.2 Germany Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.3 France Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.4 United Kingdom Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.5 Russia Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.6 Italy Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
8 Asia-Pacific
- 8.1 Asia-Pacific Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 8.2 Asia-Pacific Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 8.3 Asia-Pacific Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Region
- 8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Region (2021-2032)
- 8.3.2 China Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.3 Japan Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.4 South Korea Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.5 India Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.6 Southeast Asia Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.7 Australia Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
9 South America
- 9.1 South America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.2 South America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.3 South America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Country
- 9.3.1 South America Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 9.3.2 Brazil Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.3 Argentina Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
10 Middle East & Africa
- 10.1 Middle East & Africa Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.2 Middle East & Africa Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.3 Middle East & Africa Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 10.3.2 Turkey Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 10.3.3 Saudi Arabia Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 10.3.4 UAE Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
11 Market Dynamics
- 11.1 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Drivers
- 11.2 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Market Restraints
- 11.3 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Trends Analysis
- 11.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
- 11.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
- 11.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 11.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 11.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 11.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12 Industry Chain Analysis
- 12.1 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Industry Chain
- 12.2 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Upstream Analysis
- 12.3 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Midstream Analysis
- 12.4 Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services Downstream Analysis
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
- 14.1 Methodology
- 14.2 Research Process and Data Source
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market size was valued at US$ 1040 million in 2025 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 1559 million by 2032 with a CAGR of 6.0% during review period.
Third-party inspection, calibration, and testing services refer to technical services provided by professional institutions that are independent of both suppliers and buyers and possess legal qualifications. These institutions use professional equipment and technical methods to objectively evaluate, verify, and issue authoritative reports on product quality, safety, performance, compliance, as well as the measurement accuracy of instruments and equipment, based on international/national standards, technical specifications, or contractual agreements. Its core value lies in providing impartial, scientific, and reliable "data judgment," which is a key technical foundation for ensuring quality, building market trust, and supporting regulation and trade.
With the deepening of global trade, increasingly stringent quality and safety regulations in various countries, and the drive for industrial upgrading, the prospects for the third-party testing industry continue to be positive. Its demand is shifting from traditional compliance verification to extending across the entire chain, including supply chain quality management, R&D testing, product certification, and lifecycle assessment. With technological progress, service models will become more intelligent, digital, and platform-based, while market concentration and specialization will further increase, making it an indispensable production service industry supporting high-quality development.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by company, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), 2021-2032
Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), 2021-2032
Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), 2021-2032
Global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market shares of main players, in revenue ($ Million), 2021-2026
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market based on the following parameters - company overview, revenue, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Transcat, Trescal, MicronPA, TMI Calibration, ZEISS, Bionetics, Garber Metrology, Alcami, MTS Systems, Florida Metrology, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
Market segmentation
Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2021-2032, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for Consumption Value by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Laboratory Services
On-site Services
Market segment by Service Nature and Purpose
Mandatory Certification and Inspection
Voluntary Evaluation and Testing
Judicial Appraisal and Arbitration Inspection
Market segment by Service Chain Links
Research and Development Design Stage
Production and Supply Chain Stage
Market Access and Distribution Stage
Operation and Maintenance Stage
Market segment by Application
Industrial
Aerospace
Power
Others
Market segment by players, this report covers
Transcat
Trescal
MicronPA
TMI Calibration
ZEISS
Bionetics
Garber Metrology
Alcami
MTS Systems
Florida Metrology
Fox Valley Metrology
Laboratory Testing Inc
Tektronix
Calibrating Services
Constellation PowerLabs
Mahr Fertigungsmesstechnik
TAI Engineering
Mitutoyo Calibration
Korea Testing Laboratory
GRG Metrology
CTI
Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 13 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top players of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services, with revenue, gross margin, and global market share of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services from 2021 to 2026.
Chapter 3, the Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services competitive situation, revenue, and global market share of top players are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4 and 5, to segment the market size by Type and by Application, with consumption value and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2021 to 2032.
Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, to break the market size data at the country level, with revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2021 to 2026.and Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services market forecast, by regions, by Type and by Application, with consumption value, from 2027 to 2032.
Chapter 11, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 12, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services.
Chapter 13, to describe Third-party Testing, Calibration and Inspection Services research findings and conclusion.