Copyright Reports & Markets. All rights reserved.

Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market 2025 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2031

Request for Sample of this report
Buy now

1 Market Overview

  • 1.1 Product Overview and Scope
  • 1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
  • 1.3 Market Analysis by Type
    • 1.3.1 Overview: Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Type: 2020 Versus 2024 Versus 2031
    • 1.3.2 Bio-based
    • 1.3.3 Petroleum-based
    • 1.3.4 Polymer Resin
  • 1.4 Market Analysis by Application
    • 1.4.1 Overview: Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Application: 2020 Versus 2024 Versus 2031
    • 1.4.2 Power Batteries
    • 1.4.3 Energy Storage Batteries
  • 1.5 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size & Forecast
    • 1.5.1 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
    • 1.5.2 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity (2020-2031)
    • 1.5.3 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Average Price (2020-2031)

2 Manufacturers Profiles

  • 2.1 Kuraray
    • 2.1.1 Kuraray Details
    • 2.1.2 Kuraray Major Business
    • 2.1.3 Kuraray Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.1.4 Kuraray Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.1.5 Kuraray Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.2 JFE Chemical
    • 2.2.1 JFE Chemical Details
    • 2.2.2 JFE Chemical Major Business
    • 2.2.3 JFE Chemical Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.2.4 JFE Chemical Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.2.5 JFE Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.3 Kureha
    • 2.3.1 Kureha Details
    • 2.3.2 Kureha Major Business
    • 2.3.3 Kureha Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.3.4 Kureha Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.3.5 Kureha Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.4 Sumitomo
    • 2.4.1 Sumitomo Details
    • 2.4.2 Sumitomo Major Business
    • 2.4.3 Sumitomo Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.4.4 Sumitomo Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.4.5 Sumitomo Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.5 Stora Enso
    • 2.5.1 Stora Enso Details
    • 2.5.2 Stora Enso Major Business
    • 2.5.3 Stora Enso Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.5.4 Stora Enso Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.5.5 Stora Enso Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.6 Indigenous Energy
    • 2.6.1 Indigenous Energy Details
    • 2.6.2 Indigenous Energy Major Business
    • 2.6.3 Indigenous Energy Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.6.4 Indigenous Energy Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.6.5 Indigenous Energy Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.7 Shengquan Group
    • 2.7.1 Shengquan Group Details
    • 2.7.2 Shengquan Group Major Business
    • 2.7.3 Shengquan Group Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.7.4 Shengquan Group Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.7.5 Shengquan Group Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.8 HiNa Battery Technology
    • 2.8.1 HiNa Battery Technology Details
    • 2.8.2 HiNa Battery Technology Major Business
    • 2.8.3 HiNa Battery Technology Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.8.4 HiNa Battery Technology Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.8.5 HiNa Battery Technology Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.9 Best Carbon
    • 2.9.1 Best Carbon Details
    • 2.9.2 Best Carbon Major Business
    • 2.9.3 Best Carbon Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.9.4 Best Carbon Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.9.5 Best Carbon Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.10 BTR
    • 2.10.1 BTR Details
    • 2.10.2 BTR Major Business
    • 2.10.3 BTR Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.10.4 BTR Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.10.5 BTR Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.11 Shanshan
    • 2.11.1 Shanshan Details
    • 2.11.2 Shanshan Major Business
    • 2.11.3 Shanshan Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.11.4 Shanshan Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.11.5 Shanshan Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.12 Xiangfenghua
    • 2.12.1 Xiangfenghua Details
    • 2.12.2 Xiangfenghua Major Business
    • 2.12.3 Xiangfenghua Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.12.4 Xiangfenghua Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.12.5 Xiangfenghua Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.13 Putailai
    • 2.13.1 Putailai Details
    • 2.13.2 Putailai Major Business
    • 2.13.3 Putailai Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.13.4 Putailai Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.13.5 Putailai Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.14 Jiangxi Zeto
    • 2.14.1 Jiangxi Zeto Details
    • 2.14.2 Jiangxi Zeto Major Business
    • 2.14.3 Jiangxi Zeto Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.14.4 Jiangxi Zeto Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.14.5 Jiangxi Zeto Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.15 Iopsilion
    • 2.15.1 Iopsilion Details
    • 2.15.2 Iopsilion Major Business
    • 2.15.3 Iopsilion Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.15.4 Iopsilion Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.15.5 Iopsilion Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.16 Kaijin New Energy
    • 2.16.1 Kaijin New Energy Details
    • 2.16.2 Kaijin New Energy Major Business
    • 2.16.3 Kaijin New Energy Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.16.4 Kaijin New Energy Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.16.5 Kaijin New Energy Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.17 Fujian Yuanli
    • 2.17.1 Fujian Yuanli Details
    • 2.17.2 Fujian Yuanli Major Business
    • 2.17.3 Fujian Yuanli Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.17.4 Fujian Yuanli Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.17.5 Fujian Yuanli Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.18 Fujian Xinsen Carbon
    • 2.18.1 Fujian Xinsen Carbon Details
    • 2.18.2 Fujian Xinsen Carbon Major Business
    • 2.18.3 Fujian Xinsen Carbon Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.18.4 Fujian Xinsen Carbon Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.18.5 Fujian Xinsen Carbon Recent Developments/Updates
  • 2.19 Sparc Technologies
    • 2.19.1 Sparc Technologies Details
    • 2.19.2 Sparc Technologies Major Business
    • 2.19.3 Sparc Technologies Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Product and Services
    • 2.19.4 Sparc Technologies Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
    • 2.19.5 Sparc Technologies Recent Developments/Updates

3 Competitive Environment: Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon by Manufacturer

  • 3.1 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
  • 3.2 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Revenue by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
  • 3.3 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Average Price by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
  • 3.4 Market Share Analysis (2024)
    • 3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2024
    • 3.4.2 Top 3 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Manufacturer Market Share in 2024
    • 3.4.3 Top 6 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Manufacturer Market Share in 2024
  • 3.5 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
    • 3.5.1 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market: Region Footprint
    • 3.5.2 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market: Company Product Type Footprint
    • 3.5.3 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market: Company Product Application Footprint
  • 3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
  • 3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations

4 Consumption Analysis by Region

  • 4.1 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size by Region
    • 4.1.1 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Region (2020-2031)
    • 4.1.2 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Region (2020-2031)
    • 4.1.3 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
  • 4.2 North America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value (2020-2031)
  • 4.3 Europe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value (2020-2031)
  • 4.4 Asia-Pacific Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value (2020-2031)
  • 4.5 South America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value (2020-2031)
  • 4.6 Middle East & Africa Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value (2020-2031)

5 Market Segment by Type

  • 5.1 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
  • 5.2 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Type (2020-2031)
  • 5.3 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Average Price by Type (2020-2031)

6 Market Segment by Application

  • 6.1 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
  • 6.2 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Application (2020-2031)
  • 6.3 Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Average Price by Application (2020-2031)

7 North America

  • 7.1 North America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
  • 7.2 North America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
  • 7.3 North America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size by Country
    • 7.3.1 North America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
    • 7.3.2 North America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
    • 7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)

8 Europe

  • 8.1 Europe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
  • 8.2 Europe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
  • 8.3 Europe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size by Country
    • 8.3.1 Europe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
    • 8.3.2 Europe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
    • 8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)

9 Asia-Pacific

  • 9.1 Asia-Pacific Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
  • 9.2 Asia-Pacific Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
  • 9.3 Asia-Pacific Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size by Region
    • 9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Region (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Region (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.5 South Korea Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)

10 South America

  • 10.1 South America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
  • 10.2 South America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
  • 10.3 South America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size by Country
    • 10.3.1 South America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
    • 10.3.2 South America Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
    • 10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)

11 Middle East & Africa

  • 11.1 Middle East & Africa Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
  • 11.2 Middle East & Africa Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
  • 11.3 Middle East & Africa Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Size by Country
    • 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
    • 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
    • 11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
    • 11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)

12 Market Dynamics

  • 12.1 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Drivers
  • 12.2 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Market Restraints
  • 12.3 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Trends Analysis
  • 12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
    • 12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
    • 12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • 12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
    • 12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry

13 Raw Material and Industry Chain

  • 13.1 Raw Material of Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon and Key Manufacturers
  • 13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon
  • 13.3 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Production Process
  • 13.4 Industry Value Chain Analysis

14 Shipments by Distribution Channel

  • 14.1 Sales Channel
    • 14.1.1 Direct to End-User
    • 14.1.2 Distributors
  • 14.2 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Typical Distributors
  • 14.3 Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon Typical Customers

15 Research Findings and Conclusion

    16 Appendix

    • 16.1 Methodology
    • 16.2 Research Process and Data Source

    According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market size was valued at US$ 61.5 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 604 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 35.7% during review period.
    In this report, we will assess the current U.S. tariff framework alongside international policy adaptations, analyzing their effects on competitive market structures, regional economic dynamics, and supply chain resilience.
    Sodium ion battery hard carbon is non-graphitized carbon, which is difficult to graphitize even when heated to 2800°C. Its structure is highly disordered and its redox potential is low.
    Hard carbon is a solid form of carbon that cannot be converted to graphite by heat-treatment, even at temperatures as high as 3000°C. It is also known as char, or non-graphitizing carbon. More colloquially it can be described as charcoal. Hard carbon is produced by heating carbonaceous precursors to approximately 1000°C in the absence of oxygen. Among the precursors for hard carbon are polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), lignin and sucrose. Other precursors, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and petroleum coke, produce soft carbon, or graphitizing carbon. Soft carbon can be readily converted to graphite by heating to 3000°C.
    Hard carbon is currently the mainstream anode material route for sodium batteries. The commonly used hard carbon precursors are mainly bio-based, such as moso bamboo, coconut shell, starch, walnut shell, etc. At the same time, chemical raw materials such as anthracite, pitch, and phenolic resin can also be used. Synthetic polymer precursors such as phenolic resins are also included.
    This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
    Key Features:
    Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Tons), and average selling prices (US$/Ton), 2020-2031
    Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Tons), and average selling prices (US$/Ton), 2020-2031
    Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Tons), and average selling prices (US$/Ton), 2020-2031
    Global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (Tons), and ASP (US$/Ton), 2020-2025
    The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
    To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
    To assess the growth potential for Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon
    To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
    To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
    This report profiles key players in the global Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market based on the following parameters - company overview, sales quantity, revenue, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Kuraray, JFE Chemical, Kureha, Sumitomo, Stora Enso, Indigenous Energy, Shengquan Group, HiNa Battery Technology, Best Carbon, BTR, etc.
    This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
    Market Segmentation
    Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2020-2031, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
    Market segment by Type
    Bio-based
    Petroleum-based
    Polymer Resin
    Market segment by Application
    Power Batteries
    Energy Storage Batteries
    Major players covered
    Kuraray
    JFE Chemical
    Kureha
    Sumitomo
    Stora Enso
    Indigenous Energy
    Shengquan Group
    HiNa Battery Technology
    Best Carbon
    BTR
    Shanshan
    Xiangfenghua
    Putailai
    Jiangxi Zeto
    Iopsilion
    Kaijin New Energy
    Fujian Yuanli
    Fujian Xinsen Carbon
    Sparc Technologies
    Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
    North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
    Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
    Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
    South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
    Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
    The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
    Chapter 1, to describe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
    Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon, with price, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon from 2020 to 2025.
    Chapter 3, the Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
    Chapter 4, the Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value, and growth by regions, from 2020 to 2031.
    Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and by Application, with sales market share and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2020 to 2031.
    Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value, and market share for key countries in the world, from 2020 to 2025.and Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon market forecast, by regions, by Type, and by Application, with sales and revenue, from 2026 to 2031.
    Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, and Porters Five Forces analysis.
    Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon.
    Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Sodium Ion Battery Hard Carbon sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.

    Buy now