Global Soda Drink Industry Market Research Report
Global Soda Drink Industry Market Research Report
1 Soda Drink Introduction and Market Overview
- 1.1 Objectives of the Study
- 1.2 Definition of Soda Drink
- 1.3 Soda Drink Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
- 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
- 1.3.2 Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
- 1.4 Market Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Types of Soda Drink
- 1.4.2 Applications of Soda Drink
- 1.4.3 Research Regions
- 1.4.3.1 North America Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.2 Europe Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.3 China Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.4 Japan Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.6 India Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.7 South America Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.5 Market Dynamics
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Soda Drink
- 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Soda Drink
- 1.5.2 Limitations
- 1.5.3 Opportunities
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
- 1.6.1 Industry News
- 1.6.2 Industry Policies
2 Industry Chain Analysis
- 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Soda Drink Analysis
- 2.2 Major Players of Soda Drink
- 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Soda Drink in 2021
- 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
- 2.3 Soda Drink Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
- 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
- 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Soda Drink
- 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Soda Drink
- 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Soda Drink
- 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Soda Drink
- 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Soda Drink Analysis
3 Global Soda Drink Market, by Type
- 3.1 Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.2 Global Soda Drink Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.3 Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Global Soda Drink Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)
4 Soda Drink Market, by Application
- 4.1 Global Soda Drink Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
- 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
- 4.3 Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
5 Global Soda Drink Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.1 Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.2 Global Soda Drink Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.3 Global Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.4 North America Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.5 Europe Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.6 China Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.7 Japan Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.9 India Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.10 South America Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6 Global Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.1 Global Soda Drink Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.2 North America Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.3 Europe Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.4 China Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.5 Japan Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.6 Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.7 India Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.8 South America Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
7 Global Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions
- 7.1 North America Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.2 Europe Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.3 China Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.4 Japan Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.5 Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.6 India Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.7 South America Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis
8 Competitive Landscape
- 8.1 Competitive Profile
- 8.2 Wild Poppy Company
- 8.2.1 Company Profiles
- 8.2.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.2.3 Wild Poppy Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.2.4 Wild Poppy Company Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.3 Appalachian Brewing
- 8.3.1 Company Profiles
- 8.3.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.3.3 Appalachian Brewing Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.3.4 Appalachian Brewing Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.4 SIPP eco beverage
- 8.4.1 Company Profiles
- 8.4.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.4.3 SIPP eco beverage Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.4.4 SIPP eco beverage Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.5 Crooked Beverage
- 8.5.1 Company Profiles
- 8.5.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.5.3 Crooked Beverage Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.5.4 Crooked Beverage Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.6 Jones Soda
- 8.6.1 Company Profiles
- 8.6.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.6.3 Jones Soda Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.6.4 Jones Soda Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.7 Reed’s Inc
- 8.7.1 Company Profiles
- 8.7.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.7.3 Reed’s Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.7.4 Reed’s Inc Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.8 The Coca-Cola Company
- 8.8.1 Company Profiles
- 8.8.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.8.3 The Coca-Cola Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.8.4 The Coca-Cola Company Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.9 Boylan Bottling
- 8.9.1 Company Profiles
- 8.9.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.9.3 Boylan Bottling Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.9.4 Boylan Bottling Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.10 The Original Craft Soda Company
- 8.10.1 Company Profiles
- 8.10.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.10.3 The Original Craft Soda Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.10.4 The Original Craft Soda Company Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.11 PepsiCo
- 8.11.1 Company Profiles
- 8.11.2 Soda Drink Product Introduction
- 8.11.3 PepsiCo Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.11.4 PepsiCo Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
9 Global Soda Drink Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
- 9.1 Global Soda Drink Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
- 9.1.1 Natural Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.2 Organic Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2 Global Soda Drink Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
- 9.2.1 Teenagers Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.2 Young Adults Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.3 Middle-Aged Adults Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
10 Soda Drink Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
- 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
- 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
- 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Research Finding and Conclusion
13 Appendix
- 13.1 Discussion Guide
- 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
- 13.3 Research Data Source
- 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture of Soda Drink
Table Product Specification of Soda Drink
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Soda Drink
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
Table Different Types of Soda Drink
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022
Figure Natural Picture
Figure Organic Picture
Table Different Applications of Soda Drink
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022
Figure Teenagers Picture
Figure Young Adults Picture
Figure Middle-Aged Adults Picture
Table Research Regions of Soda Drink
Figure North America Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table China Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Japan Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table India Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America Soda Drink Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Emerging Countries of Soda Drink
Table Growing Market of Soda Drink
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Soda Drink
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Soda Drink with Contact Information
Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Soda Drink in 2021
Table Major Players Soda Drink Product Types in 2021
Figure Production Process of Soda Drink
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Soda Drink
Figure Channel Status of Soda Drink
Table Major Distributors of Soda Drink with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Soda Drink with Contact Information
Table Global Soda Drink Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Production by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Growth Rate of Natural
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) and Growth Rate of Organic
Figure Global Soda Drink Price by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate of Teenagers (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate of Young Adults (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate of Middle-Aged Adults (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Production by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table North America Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table South America Soda Drink Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Soda Drink Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table China Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Japan Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table India Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure China Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure India Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure South America Soda Drink Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Soda Drink SWOT Analysis
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Soda Drink Companies
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Soda Drink Companies
Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Wild Poppy Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Wild Poppy Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Wild Poppy Company Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Wild Poppy Company Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Appalachian Brewing Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Appalachian Brewing Production and Growth Rate
Figure Appalachian Brewing Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Appalachian Brewing Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table SIPP eco beverage Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure SIPP eco beverage Production and Growth Rate
Figure SIPP eco beverage Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure SIPP eco beverage Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Crooked Beverage Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Crooked Beverage Production and Growth Rate
Figure Crooked Beverage Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Crooked Beverage Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Jones Soda Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Jones Soda Production and Growth Rate
Figure Jones Soda Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Jones Soda Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Reed’s Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Reed’s Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Reed’s Inc Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Reed’s Inc Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table The Coca-Cola Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure The Coca-Cola Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure The Coca-Cola Company Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure The Coca-Cola Company Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Boylan Bottling Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Boylan Bottling Production and Growth Rate
Figure Boylan Bottling Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Boylan Bottling Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table The Original Craft Soda Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure The Original Craft Soda Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure The Original Craft Soda Company Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure The Original Craft Soda Company Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table PepsiCo Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure PepsiCo Production and Growth Rate
Figure PepsiCo Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure PepsiCo Market Share of Soda Drink Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Global Soda Drink Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Soda Drink Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Soda Drink Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Natural (2022-2027)
Figure Global Soda Drink Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Natural (2022-2027)
Figure Global Soda Drink Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic (2022-2027)
Figure Global Soda Drink Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate of Teenagers (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate of Young Adults (2017-2022)
Figure Global Soda Drink Consumption and Growth Rate of Middle-Aged Adults (2017-2022)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Middle-Aged Adults (2022-2027)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Middle-Aged Adults (2022-2027)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
The Soda Drink market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Soda Drink industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Soda Drink market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Soda Drink market.
The Soda Drink market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Soda Drink market are:
Wild Poppy Company
Appalachian Brewing
SIPP eco beverage
Crooked Beverage
Jones Soda
Reed’s Inc
The Coca-Cola Company
Boylan Bottling
The Original Craft Soda Company
PepsiCo
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Soda Drink market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others
Most important types of Soda Drink products covered in this report are:
Natural
Organic
Most widely used downstream fields of Soda Drink market covered in this report are:
Teenagers
Young Adults
Middle-Aged Adults
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Soda Drink market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Soda Drink Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Soda Drink Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Soda Drink.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Soda Drink.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Soda Drink by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Soda Drink Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Soda Drink Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Soda Drink.
Chapter 9: Soda Drink Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.