Global Press Fit Connector Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

Table of Content

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
• 1.2 Global Press Fit Connector Market Size
• 1.3 Market Segmentation
• 1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
• 1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics

• 2.1 Market Drivers
• 2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
• 2.3 Emerging Market Trends
• 2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  • 2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  • 2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment

• 3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
• 3.2 Industry Active Participants
  • 3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  • 3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
• 3.3 Alternative Analysis
• 3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape

• 4.1 Industry Leading Players
• 4.2 Industry News
  • 4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  • 4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies

• 5.1 TE
  • 5.1.1 TE Company Profile
  • 5.1.2 TE Business Overview
  • 5.1.3 TE Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.1.4 TE Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.2 Molex
  • 5.2.1 Molex Company Profile
  • 5.2.2 Molex Business Overview
  • 5.2.3 Molex Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.2.4 Molex Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.3 Amphenol
  • 5.3.1 Amphenol Company Profile
  • 5.3.2 Amphenol Business Overview
  • 5.3.3 Amphenol Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.3.4 Amphenol Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.4 Samtec
  • 5.4.1 Samtec Company Profile
  • 5.4.2 Samtec Business Overview
  • 5.4.3 Samtec Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.4.4 Samtec Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.5 Yamaichi
  • 5.5.1 Yamaichi Company Profile
  • 5.5.2 Yamaichi Business Overview
  • 5.5.3 Yamaichi Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.5.4 Yamaichi Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.6 MicroTCA
  • 5.6.1 MicroTCA Company Profile
  • 5.6.2 MicroTCA Business Overview
  • 5.6.3 MicroTCA Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.6.4 MicroTCA Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.7 Fujitsu
  • 5.7.1 Fujitsu Company Profile
  • 5.7.2 Fujitsu Business Overview
  • 5.7.3 Fujitsu Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.7.4 Fujitsu Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.8 Amphenol FCI
  • 5.8.1 Amphenol FCI Company Profile
  • 5.8.2 Amphenol FCI Business Overview
  • 5.8.3 Amphenol FCI Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.8.4 Amphenol FCI Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.9 Hirose
  • 5.9.1 Hirose Company Profile
  • 5.9.2 Hirose Business Overview
  • 5.9.3 Hirose Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.9.4 Hirose Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.10 HARTING
  • 5.10.1 HARTING Company Profile
  • 5.10.2 HARTING Business Overview
  • 5.10.3 HARTING Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.10.4 HARTING Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.11 International Electrotechnical Commission
  • 5.11.1 International Electrotechnical Commission Company Profile
  • 5.11.2 International Electrotechnical Commission Business Overview
  • 5.11.3 International Electrotechnical Commission Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.11.4 International Electrotechnical Commission Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.12 ERNI
  • 5.12.1 ERNI Company Profile
  • 5.12.2 ERNI Business Overview
  • 5.12.3 ERNI Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.12.4 ERNI Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.13 JAE
  • 5.13.1 JAE Company Profile
  • 5.13.2 JAE Business Overview
  • 5.13.3 JAE Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.13.4 JAE Press Fit Connector Products Introduction
• 5.14 JST
  • 5.14.1 JST Company Profile
  • 5.14.2 JST Business Overview
  • 5.14.3 JST Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.14.4 JST Press Fit Connector Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

• 6.1 Global Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.1 Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.2 Global Press Fit Connector Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.3 Global Press Fit Connector Price by Types (2015-2020)
• 6.2 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.1 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.2 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
• 6.3 Global Press Fit Connector Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.3.1 Global Press Fit Connector Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Brass Connecter
  • 6.3.2 Global Press Fit Connector Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Stainless Steel Connecter
• 6.4 Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.1 Brass Connecter Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.2 Stainless Steel Connecter Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

• 7.1 Global Press Fit Connector Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.1 Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.2 Global Press Fit Connector Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
• 7.2 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.1 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.2 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
• 7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.1 Global Press Fit Connector Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Electronic Product (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.2 Global Press Fit Connector Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Computer (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.3 Global Press Fit Connector Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Aerospace (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.4 Global Press Fit Connector Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of National Defense (2015-2020)
• 7.4 Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.1 Electronic Product Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.2 Computer Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.3 Aerospace Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.4 National Defense Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

• 8.1 Global Press Fit Connector Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.2 Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.3 Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Press Fit Connector Market Analysis

• 9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 9.2 North America Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.3 North America Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.4 North America Press Fit Connector Market Forecast
• 9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
• 9.6 North America Press Fit Connector Market Analysis by Country
  • 9.6.1 U.S. Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.2 Canada Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.3 Mexico Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Press Fit Connector Market Analysis

• 10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 10.2 Europe Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.3 Europe Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.4 Europe Press Fit Connector Market Forecast
• 10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
• 10.6 Europe Press Fit Connector Market Analysis by Country
  • 10.6.1 Germany Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.2 United Kingdom Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.3 France Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.4 Italy Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.5 Spain Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.6 Russia Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Analysis

• 11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 11.2 Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.3 Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.4 Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Forecast
• 11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
• 11.6 Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Analysis by Country
  • 11.6.1 China Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.2 Japan Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.3 South Korea Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.4 Australia Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.5 India Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Press Fit Connector Market Analysis

• 12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 12.2 South America Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.3 South America Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.4 South America Press Fit Connector Market Forecast
• 12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
• 12.6 South America Press Fit Connector Market Analysis by Country
  • 12.6.1 Brazil Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.2 Argentina Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.3 Columbia Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Analysis

• 13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 13.2 Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.3 Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.4 Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Forecast
• 13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
• 13.6 Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Analysis by Country
  • 13.6.1 UAE Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.2 Egypt Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.3 South Africa Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations

• 14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
• 14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix

• 15.1 Methodology
• 15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Table Press Fit Connector Key Market Segments

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020

Table SWOT Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Supply Chain

Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Press Fit Connector

Table Major Players Revenue in 2019

Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019

Table TE Company Profile

Table TE Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure TE Production and Growth Rate

Figure TE Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Molex Company Profile

Table Molex Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Molex Production and Growth Rate

Figure Molex Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Amphenol Company Profile

Table Amphenol Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Amphenol Production and Growth Rate

Figure Amphenol Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Samtec Company Profile

Table Samtec Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Samtec Production and Growth Rate

Figure Samtec Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Yamaichi Company Profile

Table Yamaichi Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Yamaichi Production and Growth Rate

Figure Yamaichi Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table MicroTCA Company Profile

Table MicroTCA Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure MicroTCA Production and Growth Rate

Figure MicroTCA Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Fujitsu Company Profile

Table Fujitsu Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Fujitsu Production and Growth Rate

Figure Fujitsu Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Amphenol FCI Company Profile

Table Amphenol FCI Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Amphenol FCI Production and Growth Rate

Figure Amphenol FCI Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Hirose Company Profile

Table Hirose Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Hirose Production and Growth Rate

Figure Hirose Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table HARTING Company Profile

Table HARTING Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure HARTING Production and Growth Rate

Figure HARTING Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table International Electrotechnical Commission Company Profile

Table International Electrotechnical Commission Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure International Electrotechnical Commission Production and Growth Rate

Figure International Electrotechnical Commission Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table ERNI Company Profile

Table ERNI Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure ERNI Production and Growth Rate

Figure ERNI Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table JAE Company Profile

Table JAE Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure JAE Production and Growth Rate

Figure JAE Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table JST Company Profile

Table JST Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure JST Production and Growth Rate

Figure JST Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Global Press Fit Connector Sales by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)

Figure Global Brass Connecter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Brass Connecter Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Stainless Steel Connecter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Stainless Steel Connecter Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Brass Connecter (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Brass Connecter (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Stainless Steel Connecter (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Stainless Steel Connecter (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Sales by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Product Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Electronic Product Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Computer Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Computer Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Aerospace Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Aerospace Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global National Defense Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global National Defense Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Electronic Product (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Electronic Product (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Computer (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Computer (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerospace (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Aerospace (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of National Defense (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of National Defense (2020-2025)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Press Fit Connector Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Figure North America Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure North America Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure U.S. Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Germany Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Russia Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure China Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Australia Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure South America Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Brazil Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Argentina Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Columbia Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Press Fit Connector Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure UAE Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Egypt Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Press Fit Connector Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)