Global Personal Development Industry Market Research Report

1 Personal Development Introduction and Market Overview

• 1.1 Objectives of the Study
• 1.2 Definition of Personal Development
• 1.3 Personal Development Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
  • 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
  • 1.3.2 Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
• 1.4 Market Segmentation
  • 1.4.1 Types of Personal Development
  • 1.4.2 Applications of Personal Development
  • 1.4.3 Research Regions
    • 1.4.3.1 North America Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.2 Europe Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.3 China Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.4 Japan Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.6 India Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.7 South America Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
• 1.5 Market Dynamics
  • 1.5.1 Drivers
    • 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Personal Development
    • 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Personal Development
  • 1.5.2 Limitations
  • 1.5.3 Opportunities
• 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
  • 1.6.1 Industry News
  • 1.6.2 Industry Policies

2 Industry Chain Analysis

• 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Personal Development Analysis
• 2.2 Major Players of Personal Development
  • 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Personal Development in 2021
  • 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
• 2.3 Personal Development Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
  • 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
  • 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Personal Development
  • 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Personal Development
  • 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Personal Development
• 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Personal Development
• 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Personal Development Analysis

3 Global Personal Development Market, by Type

• 3.1 Global Personal Development Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.2 Global Personal Development Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.3 Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.4 Global Personal Development Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)

4 Personal Development Market, by Application

• 4.1 Global Personal Development Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
• 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
• 4.3 Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)

5 Global Personal Development Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

• 5.1 Global Personal Development Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.2 Global Personal Development Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.3 Global Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.4 North America Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.5 Europe Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.6 China Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.7 Japan Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.9 India Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.10 South America Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

6 Global Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)

• 6.1 Global Personal Development Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
• 6.2 North America Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.3 Europe Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.4 China Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.5 Japan Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.6 Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.7 India Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.8 South America Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

7 Global Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

• 7.1 North America Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.2 Europe Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.3 China Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.4 Japan Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.5 Middle East & Africa Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.6 India Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.7 South America Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis

8 Competitive Landscape

• 8.1 Competitive Profile
• 8.2 Toastmasters International
  • 8.2.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.2.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.2.3 Toastmasters International Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.2.4 Toastmasters International Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.3 Franklin Covey Co.
  • 8.3.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.3.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.3.3 Franklin Covey Co. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.3.4 Franklin Covey Co. Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.4 Success Resources America
  • 8.4.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.4.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.4.3 Success Resources America Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.4.4 Success Resources America Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.5 WW International, Inc.
  • 8.5.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.5.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.5.3 WW International, Inc. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.5.4 WW International, Inc. Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.6 Wilson Learning
  • 8.6.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.6.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.6.3 Wilson Learning Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.6.4 Wilson Learning Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.7 Landmark Worldwide
  • 8.7.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.7.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.7.3 Landmark Worldwide Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.7.4 Landmark Worldwide Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.8 Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.
  • 8.8.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.8.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.8.3 Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.8.4 Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.9 SkillPath
  • 8.9.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.9.2 Personal Development Product Introduction
  • 8.9.3 SkillPath Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.9.4 SkillPath Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

9 Global Personal Development Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application

• 9.1 Global Personal Development Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.1 Mental Health Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.2 Motivation & Inspiration Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.3 Physical Health Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.4 Self-awareness Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.5 Skillset Enhancement Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
• 9.2 Global Personal Development Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.1 Books Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.2 e-Platforms Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.3 Personal Coaching/Training Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.4 Workshop & Seminars Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)

10 Personal Development Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

• 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)

11 New Project Feasibility Analysis

• 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
• 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment

12 Research Finding and Conclusion

13 Appendix

• 13.1 Discussion Guide
• 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
• 13.3 Research Data Source
• 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture of Personal Development

Table Product Specification of Personal Development

Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Personal Development

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027

Table Different Types of Personal Development

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022

Figure Mental Health Picture

Figure Motivation & Inspiration Picture

Figure Physical Health Picture

Figure Self-awareness Picture

Figure Skillset Enhancement Picture

Table Different Applications of Personal Development

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022

Figure Books Picture

Figure e-Platforms Picture

Figure Personal Coaching/Training Picture

Figure Workshop & Seminars Picture

Table Research Regions of Personal Development

Figure North America Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Figure Europe Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table China Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Japan Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table India Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table South America Personal Development Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Emerging Countries of Personal Development

Table Growing Market of Personal Development

Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Personal Development

Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Personal Development with Contact Information

Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Personal Development in 2021

Table Major Players Personal Development Product Types in 2021

Figure Production Process of Personal Development

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Personal Development

Figure Channel Status of Personal Development

Table Major Distributors of Personal Development with Contact Information

Table Major Downstream Buyers of Personal Development with Contact Information

Table Global Personal Development Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Production by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate of Mental Health

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate of Motivation & Inspiration

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate of Physical Health

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate of Self-awareness

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) and Growth Rate of Skillset Enhancement

Figure Global Personal Development Price by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Consumption by Application (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of Books (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of e-Platforms (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of Personal Coaching/Training (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of Workshop & Seminars (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Production by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table North America Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Europe Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table China Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Japan Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table India Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table South America Personal Development Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Global Personal Development Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Table North America Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Europe Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table China Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Japan Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table India Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table South America Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Figure North America Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure Europe Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure China Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure Japan Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure India Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure South America Personal Development Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America Personal Development SWOT Analysis

Figure Top 3 Market Share of Personal Development Companies

Figure Top 6 Market Share of Personal Development Companies

Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Toastmasters International Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Toastmasters International Production and Growth Rate

Figure Toastmasters International Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Toastmasters International Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Franklin Covey Co. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Franklin Covey Co. Production and Growth Rate

Figure Franklin Covey Co. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Franklin Covey Co. Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Success Resources America Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Success Resources America Production and Growth Rate

Figure Success Resources America Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Success Resources America Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table WW International, Inc. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure WW International, Inc. Production and Growth Rate

Figure WW International, Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure WW International, Inc. Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Wilson Learning Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Wilson Learning Production and Growth Rate

Figure Wilson Learning Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Wilson Learning Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Landmark Worldwide Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Landmark Worldwide Production and Growth Rate

Figure Landmark Worldwide Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Landmark Worldwide Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Production and Growth Rate

Figure Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table SkillPath Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure SkillPath Production and Growth Rate

Figure SkillPath Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure SkillPath Market Share of Personal Development Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Global Personal Development Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type

Table Global Personal Development Market Volume Forecast, by Type

Figure Global Personal Development Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Mental Health (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Mental Health (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Motivation & Inspiration (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Motivation & Inspiration (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Physical Health (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Physical Health (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Self-awareness (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Self-awareness (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Skillset Enhancement (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Skillset Enhancement (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of Books (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of e-Platforms (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of Personal Coaching/Training (2017-2022)

Figure Global Personal Development Consumption and Growth Rate of Workshop & Seminars (2017-2022)

Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Workshop & Seminars (2022-2027)

Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Workshop & Seminars (2022-2027)

Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis

Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis

Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery

The Personal Development market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Personal Development industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Personal Development market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Personal Development market.
The Personal Development market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.

Major Players in Personal Development market are:
Toastmasters International
Franklin Covey Co.
Success Resources America
WW International, Inc.
Wilson Learning
Landmark Worldwide
Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.
SkillPath

Major Regions that plays a vital role in Personal Development market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others

Most important types of Personal Development products covered in this report are:
Mental Health
Motivation & Inspiration
Physical Health
Self-awareness
Skillset Enhancement

Most widely used downstream fields of Personal Development market covered in this report are:
Books
e-Platforms
Personal Coaching/Training
Workshop & Seminars

There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Personal Development market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.

Chapter 1: Personal Development Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.

Chapter 2: Personal Development Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.

Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Personal Development.

Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Personal Development.

Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Personal Development by Regions (2017-2022).

Chapter 6: Personal Development Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).

Chapter 7: Personal Development Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Personal Development.

Chapter 9: Personal Development Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).

Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).

Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.

Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.