Global Household Cooking Appliance Industry Market Research Report
Global Household Cooking Appliance Industry Market Research Report
1 Household Cooking Appliance Introduction and Market Overview
- 1.1 Objectives of the Study
- 1.2 Definition of Household Cooking Appliance
- 1.3 Household Cooking Appliance Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
- 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
- 1.3.2 Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
- 1.4 Market Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Types of Household Cooking Appliance
- 1.4.2 Applications of Household Cooking Appliance
- 1.4.3 Research Regions
- 1.4.3.1 North America Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.2 Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.3 China Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.4 Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.6 India Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.7 South America Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.5 Market Dynamics
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Household Cooking Appliance
- 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Household Cooking Appliance
- 1.5.2 Limitations
- 1.5.3 Opportunities
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
- 1.6.1 Industry News
- 1.6.2 Industry Policies
2 Industry Chain Analysis
- 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Household Cooking Appliance Analysis
- 2.2 Major Players of Household Cooking Appliance
- 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance in 2021
- 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
- 2.3 Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
- 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
- 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Household Cooking Appliance
- 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Household Cooking Appliance
- 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Household Cooking Appliance
- 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Household Cooking Appliance
- 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Household Cooking Appliance Analysis
3 Global Household Cooking Appliance Market, by Type
- 3.1 Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.2 Global Household Cooking Appliance Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.3 Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Global Household Cooking Appliance Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)
4 Household Cooking Appliance Market, by Application
- 4.1 Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
- 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
- 4.3 Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
5 Global Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.1 Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.2 Global Household Cooking Appliance Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.3 Global Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.4 North America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.5 Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.6 China Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.7 Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.9 India Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.10 South America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6 Global Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.1 Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.2 North America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.3 Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.4 China Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.5 Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.6 Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.7 India Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.8 South America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
7 Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions
- 7.1 North America Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.2 Europe Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.3 China Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.4 Japan Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.5 Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.6 India Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.7 South America Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis
8 Competitive Landscape
- 8.1 Competitive Profile
- 8.2 Robert Bosch GmbH
- 8.2.1 Company Profiles
- 8.2.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.2.3 Robert Bosch GmbH Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.2.4 Robert Bosch GmbH Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.3 AB Electrolux
- 8.3.1 Company Profiles
- 8.3.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.3.3 AB Electrolux Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.3.4 AB Electrolux Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.4 Lifetime Brands
- 8.4.1 Company Profiles
- 8.4.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.4.3 Lifetime Brands Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.4.4 Lifetime Brands Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.5 Haier Group
- 8.5.1 Company Profiles
- 8.5.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.5.3 Haier Group Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.5.4 Haier Group Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.6 LG Electronics
- 8.6.1 Company Profiles
- 8.6.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.6.3 LG Electronics Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.6.4 LG Electronics Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.7 Samsung
- 8.7.1 Company Profiles
- 8.7.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.7.3 Samsung Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.7.4 Samsung Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.8 Whirlpool Corporation
- 8.8.1 Company Profiles
- 8.8.2 Household Cooking Appliance Product Introduction
- 8.8.3 Whirlpool Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.8.4 Whirlpool Corporation Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
9 Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
- 9.1 Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
- 9.1.1 Cooking Appliances Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.2 Refrigerator Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.3 Dishwasher Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2 Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
- 9.2.1 Brick & Mortar Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.2 E-commerce Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
10 Household Cooking Appliance Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
- 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
- 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
- 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Research Finding and Conclusion
13 Appendix
- 13.1 Discussion Guide
- 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
- 13.3 Research Data Source
- 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture of Household Cooking Appliance
Table Product Specification of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
Table Different Types of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022
Figure Cooking Appliances Picture
Figure Refrigerator Picture
Figure Dishwasher Picture
Table Different Applications of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022
Figure Brick & Mortar Picture
Figure E-commerce Picture
Table Research Regions of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure North America Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table China Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table India Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America Household Cooking Appliance Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Emerging Countries of Household Cooking Appliance
Table Growing Market of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Household Cooking Appliance
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Household Cooking Appliance with Contact Information
Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Household Cooking Appliance in 2021
Table Major Players Household Cooking Appliance Product Types in 2021
Figure Production Process of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Household Cooking Appliance
Figure Channel Status of Household Cooking Appliance
Table Major Distributors of Household Cooking Appliance with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Household Cooking Appliance with Contact Information
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Production by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Growth Rate of Cooking Appliances
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Growth Rate of Refrigerator
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) and Growth Rate of Dishwasher
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Price by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate of Brick & Mortar (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate of E-commerce (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Production by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table North America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table South America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table China Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table India Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure China Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure India Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure South America Household Cooking Appliance Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Household Cooking Appliance SWOT Analysis
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Companies
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Companies
Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Robert Bosch GmbH Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Robert Bosch GmbH Production and Growth Rate
Figure Robert Bosch GmbH Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Robert Bosch GmbH Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table AB Electrolux Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure AB Electrolux Production and Growth Rate
Figure AB Electrolux Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure AB Electrolux Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Lifetime Brands Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Lifetime Brands Production and Growth Rate
Figure Lifetime Brands Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Lifetime Brands Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Haier Group Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Haier Group Production and Growth Rate
Figure Haier Group Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Haier Group Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table LG Electronics Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure LG Electronics Production and Growth Rate
Figure LG Electronics Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure LG Electronics Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Samsung Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Samsung Production and Growth Rate
Figure Samsung Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Samsung Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Whirlpool Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Whirlpool Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Whirlpool Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Whirlpool Corporation Market Share of Household Cooking Appliance Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Cooking Appliances (2022-2027)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Cooking Appliances (2022-2027)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Refrigerator (2022-2027)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Refrigerator (2022-2027)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Dishwasher (2022-2027)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Dishwasher (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate of Brick & Mortar (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Cooking Appliance Consumption and Growth Rate of E-commerce (2017-2022)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of E-commerce (2022-2027)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of E-commerce (2022-2027)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
The Household Cooking Appliance market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Household Cooking Appliance industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Household Cooking Appliance market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Household Cooking Appliance market.
The Household Cooking Appliance market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Household Cooking Appliance market are:
Robert Bosch GmbH
AB Electrolux
Lifetime Brands
Haier Group
LG Electronics
Samsung
Whirlpool Corporation
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Household Cooking Appliance market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others
Most important types of Household Cooking Appliance products covered in this report are:
Cooking Appliances
Refrigerator
Dishwasher
Most widely used downstream fields of Household Cooking Appliance market covered in this report are:
Brick & Mortar
E-commerce
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Household Cooking Appliance market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Household Cooking Appliance Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Household Cooking Appliance Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Household Cooking Appliance.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Household Cooking Appliance.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Household Cooking Appliance by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Household Cooking Appliance Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Household Cooking Appliance Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Household Cooking Appliance.
Chapter 9: Household Cooking Appliance Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.