Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market 2026 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2032
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Overview and Scope
- 1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
- 1.3 Market Analysis by Type
- 1.3.1 Overview: Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Type: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.3.2 Single-sided Treated Copper Foil
- 1.3.3 Double-sided Treated Copper Foil
- 1.3.4 Roughened Copper Foil
- 1.4 Market Analysis by Mechanical Property
- 1.4.1 Overview: Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Mechanical Property: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.4.2 Standard Elongation Copper Foil
- 1.4.3 High Elongation Copper Foil
- 1.4.4 High Tensile Strength Copper Foil
- 1.5 Market Analysis by Thickness
- 1.5.1 Overview: Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Thickness: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.5.2 Ultra-thin Copper Foil (≤6μm)
- 1.5.3 Thin Copper Foil (6–10μm)
- 1.5.4 Standard Copper Foil (≥10μm)
- 1.6 Market Analysis by Application
- 1.6.1 Overview: Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Application: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.6.2 Power Lithium Battery
- 1.6.3 Energy Storage Battery
- 1.6.4 Consumer Lithium Battery
- 1.6.5 Other
- 1.7 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size & Forecast
- 1.7.1 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value (2021 & 2025 & 2032)
- 1.7.2 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity (2021-2032)
- 1.7.3 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Average Price (2021-2032)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
- 2.1 Lotte Energy Materials
- 2.1.1 Lotte Energy Materials Details
- 2.1.2 Lotte Energy Materials Major Business
- 2.1.3 Lotte Energy Materials Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.1.4 Lotte Energy Materials Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.1.5 Lotte Energy Materials Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.2 Furukawa Electric
- 2.2.1 Furukawa Electric Details
- 2.2.2 Furukawa Electric Major Business
- 2.2.3 Furukawa Electric Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.2.4 Furukawa Electric Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.2.5 Furukawa Electric Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.3 Nippon Denkai
- 2.3.1 Nippon Denkai Details
- 2.3.2 Nippon Denkai Major Business
- 2.3.3 Nippon Denkai Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.3.4 Nippon Denkai Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.3.5 Nippon Denkai Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.4 SKC
- 2.4.1 SKC Details
- 2.4.2 SKC Major Business
- 2.4.3 SKC Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.4.4 SKC Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.4.5 SKC Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.5 Solus Advanced Materials
- 2.5.1 Solus Advanced Materials Details
- 2.5.2 Solus Advanced Materials Major Business
- 2.5.3 Solus Advanced Materials Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.5.4 Solus Advanced Materials Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.5.5 Solus Advanced Materials Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.6 UACJ Foil
- 2.6.1 UACJ Foil Details
- 2.6.2 UACJ Foil Major Business
- 2.6.3 UACJ Foil Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.6.4 UACJ Foil Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.6.5 UACJ Foil Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.7 Londian Wason Holdings
- 2.7.1 Londian Wason Holdings Details
- 2.7.2 Londian Wason Holdings Major Business
- 2.7.3 Londian Wason Holdings Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.7.4 Londian Wason Holdings Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.7.5 Londian Wason Holdings Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.8 Nuode New Materials
- 2.8.1 Nuode New Materials Details
- 2.8.2 Nuode New Materials Major Business
- 2.8.3 Nuode New Materials Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.8.4 Nuode New Materials Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.8.5 Nuode New Materials Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.9 Jiayuan Technology
- 2.9.1 Jiayuan Technology Details
- 2.9.2 Jiayuan Technology Major Business
- 2.9.3 Jiayuan Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.9.4 Jiayuan Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.9.5 Jiayuan Technology Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.10 Zhongyi Technology
- 2.10.1 Zhongyi Technology Details
- 2.10.2 Zhongyi Technology Major Business
- 2.10.3 Zhongyi Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.10.4 Zhongyi Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.10.5 Zhongyi Technology Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.11 Tongguan Copper Foil
- 2.11.1 Tongguan Copper Foil Details
- 2.11.2 Tongguan Copper Foil Major Business
- 2.11.3 Tongguan Copper Foil Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.11.4 Tongguan Copper Foil Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.11.5 Tongguan Copper Foil Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.12 Chaohua Tech
- 2.12.1 Chaohua Tech Details
- 2.12.2 Chaohua Tech Major Business
- 2.12.3 Chaohua Tech Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.12.4 Chaohua Tech Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.12.5 Chaohua Tech Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.13 Chang Chun Group
- 2.13.1 Chang Chun Group Details
- 2.13.2 Chang Chun Group Major Business
- 2.13.3 Chang Chun Group Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.13.4 Chang Chun Group Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.13.5 Chang Chun Group Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.14 Jiujiang Defu Technology
- 2.14.1 Jiujiang Defu Technology Details
- 2.14.2 Jiujiang Defu Technology Major Business
- 2.14.3 Jiujiang Defu Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.14.4 Jiujiang Defu Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.14.5 Jiujiang Defu Technology Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.15 Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings
- 2.15.1 Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings Details
- 2.15.2 Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings Major Business
- 2.15.3 Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.15.4 Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.15.5 Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.16 Jinbao Electronics
- 2.16.1 Jinbao Electronics Details
- 2.16.2 Jinbao Electronics Major Business
- 2.16.3 Jinbao Electronics Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.16.4 Jinbao Electronics Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.16.5 Jinbao Electronics Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.17 CIVEN Metal
- 2.17.1 CIVEN Metal Details
- 2.17.2 CIVEN Metal Major Business
- 2.17.3 CIVEN Metal Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.17.4 CIVEN Metal Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.17.5 CIVEN Metal Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.18 Tex Technology
- 2.18.1 Tex Technology Details
- 2.18.2 Tex Technology Major Business
- 2.18.3 Tex Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Product and Services
- 2.18.4 Tex Technology Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.18.5 Tex Technology Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery by Manufacturer
- 3.1 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2021-2026)
- 3.2 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Revenue by Manufacturer (2021-2026)
- 3.3 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Average Price by Manufacturer (2021-2026)
- 3.4 Market Share Analysis (2025)
- 3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2025
- 3.4.2 Top 3 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Manufacturer Market Share in 2025
- 3.4.3 Top 6 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Manufacturer Market Share in 2025
- 3.5 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
- 3.5.1 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market: Region Footprint
- 3.5.2 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market: Company Product Type Footprint
- 3.5.3 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market: Company Product Application Footprint
- 3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
- 3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
- 4.1 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size by Region
- 4.1.1 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.1.2 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.1.3 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Average Price by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.2 North America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.3 Europe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.4 Asia-Pacific Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.5 South America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.6 Middle East & Africa Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value (2021-2032)
5 Market Segment by Type
- 5.1 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 5.2 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 5.3 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Average Price by Type (2021-2032)
6 Market Segment by Application
- 6.1 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.2 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.3 Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Average Price by Application (2021-2032)
7 North America
- 7.1 North America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 7.2 North America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 7.3 North America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size by Country
- 7.3.1 North America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 7.3.2 North America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 8.2 Europe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 8.3 Europe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size by Country
- 8.3.1 Europe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.3.2 Europe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
9 Asia-Pacific
- 9.1 Asia-Pacific Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.2 Asia-Pacific Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.3 Asia-Pacific Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size by Region
- 9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Region (2021-2032)
- 9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Region (2021-2032)
- 9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.5 South Korea Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
10 South America
- 10.1 South America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.2 South America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.3 South America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 South America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 10.3.2 South America Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
11 Middle East & Africa
- 11.1 Middle East & Africa Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.2 Middle East & Africa Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.3 Middle East & Africa Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Size by Country
- 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
12 Market Dynamics
- 12.1 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Drivers
- 12.2 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Market Restraints
- 12.3 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Trends Analysis
- 12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
- 12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
- 12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
- 13.1 Raw Material of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery and Key Manufacturers
- 13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery
- 13.3 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Production Process
- 13.4 Industry Value Chain Analysis
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
- 14.1 Sales Channel
- 14.1.1 Direct to End-User
- 14.1.2 Distributors
- 14.2 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Typical Distributors
- 14.3 Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
- 16.1 Methodology
- 16.2 Research Process and Data Source
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market size was valued at US$ 8664 million in 2025 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 15853 million by 2032 with a CAGR of 9.0% during review period.
In 2025, global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery production reached approximately 859,184 tons, with an average global market price of around US$9,800 per ton.
The gross profit margin of major companies in the industry is between 16% – 30%.
In 2025, the global production capacity of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery was approximately 1.15 million tons.
Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery is a thin copper current collector material produced by electrodeposition and used mainly in lithium-ion battery anodes. It provides electrical conductivity, mechanical support, and coating stability for active materials, making it essential for EV batteries, energy storage batteries, and consumer battery cells.
The industrial chain includes upstream copper cathodes, additives, sulfuric acid, electrolytic equipment, titanium drums, and surface treatment chemicals. Midstream covers dissolution, electrodeposition, peeling, surface treatment, slitting, inspection, and packaging. Downstream applications mainly include lithium battery cells, EV battery packs, energy storage systems, and consumer electronics batteries.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Kilotons), and average selling prices (US$/Ton), 2021-2032
Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Kilotons), and average selling prices (US$/Ton), 2021-2032
Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Kilotons), and average selling prices (US$/Ton), 2021-2032
Global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (Kilotons), and ASP (US$/Ton), 2021-2026
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market based on the following parameters - company overview, sales quantity, revenue, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Lotte Energy Materials, Furukawa Electric, Nippon Denkai, SKC, Solus Advanced Materials, UACJ Foil, Londian Wason Holdings, Nuode New Materials, Jiayuan Technology, Zhongyi Technology, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
Market Segmentation
Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2021-2032, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Single-sided Treated Copper Foil
Double-sided Treated Copper Foil
Roughened Copper Foil
Market segment by Mechanical Property
Standard Elongation Copper Foil
High Elongation Copper Foil
High Tensile Strength Copper Foil
Market segment by Thickness
Ultra-thin Copper Foil (≤6μm)
Thin Copper Foil (6–10μm)
Standard Copper Foil (≥10μm)
Market segment by Application
Power Lithium Battery
Energy Storage Battery
Consumer Lithium Battery
Other
Major players covered
Lotte Energy Materials
Furukawa Electric
Nippon Denkai
SKC
Solus Advanced Materials
UACJ Foil
Londian Wason Holdings
Nuode New Materials
Jiayuan Technology
Zhongyi Technology
Tongguan Copper Foil
Chaohua Tech
Chang Chun Group
Jiujiang Defu Technology
Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings
Jinbao Electronics
CIVEN Metal
Tex Technology
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery, with price, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery from 2021 to 2026.
Chapter 3, the Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value, and growth by regions, from 2021 to 2032.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and by Application, with sales market share and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2021 to 2032.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value, and market share for key countries in the world, from 2021 to 2026.and Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery market forecast, by regions, by Type, and by Application, with sales and revenue, from 2027 to 2032.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, and Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Electrolytic Copper Foil for Battery sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.