Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market 2026 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2032
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Overview and Scope
- 1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
- 1.3 Market Analysis by Type
- 1.3.1 Overview: Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Type: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.3.2 Sampling Frequency Less Than 10kHZ
- 1.3.3 10kHZ to 20kHZ
- 1.3.4 Sampling Frequency More Than 20kHZ
- 1.4 Market Analysis by Sampling Type
- 1.4.1 Overview: Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Sampling Type: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.4.2 Synchronous Sampling Type
- 1.4.3 Asynchronous Sampling Type
- 1.5 Market Analysis by Function
- 1.5.1 Overview: Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Function: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.5.2 Standard Digital Fault Recorder
- 1.5.3 Smart Digital Fault Recorder
- 1.6 Market Analysis by Application
- 1.6.1 Overview: Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Application: 2021 Versus 2025 Versus 2032
- 1.6.2 Power Generation
- 1.6.3 Substations
- 1.6.4 Others
- 1.7 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size & Forecast
- 1.7.1 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value (2021 & 2025 & 2032)
- 1.7.2 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity (2021-2032)
- 1.7.3 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Average Price (2021-2032)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
- 2.1 Siemens
- 2.1.1 Siemens Details
- 2.1.2 Siemens Major Business
- 2.1.3 Siemens Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.1.4 Siemens Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.1.5 Siemens Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.2 GE Grid Solutions
- 2.2.1 GE Grid Solutions Details
- 2.2.2 GE Grid Solutions Major Business
- 2.2.3 GE Grid Solutions Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.2.4 GE Grid Solutions Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.2.5 GE Grid Solutions Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.3 ABB
- 2.3.1 ABB Details
- 2.3.2 ABB Major Business
- 2.3.3 ABB Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.3.4 ABB Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.3.5 ABB Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.4 Wuhan Zhongyuan
- 2.4.1 Wuhan Zhongyuan Details
- 2.4.2 Wuhan Zhongyuan Major Business
- 2.4.3 Wuhan Zhongyuan Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.4.4 Wuhan Zhongyuan Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.4.5 Wuhan Zhongyuan Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.5 Qualitrol
- 2.5.1 Qualitrol Details
- 2.5.2 Qualitrol Major Business
- 2.5.3 Qualitrol Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.5.4 Qualitrol Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.5.5 Qualitrol Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.6 Elspec LTD
- 2.6.1 Elspec LTD Details
- 2.6.2 Elspec LTD Major Business
- 2.6.3 Elspec LTD Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.6.4 Elspec LTD Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.6.5 Elspec LTD Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.7 Kinken
- 2.7.1 Kinken Details
- 2.7.2 Kinken Major Business
- 2.7.3 Kinken Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.7.4 Kinken Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.7.5 Kinken Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.8 Ametek
- 2.8.1 Ametek Details
- 2.8.2 Ametek Major Business
- 2.8.3 Ametek Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.8.4 Ametek Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.8.5 Ametek Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.9 NR Electric
- 2.9.1 NR Electric Details
- 2.9.2 NR Electric Major Business
- 2.9.3 NR Electric Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.9.4 NR Electric Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.9.5 NR Electric Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.10 Kehui
- 2.10.1 Kehui Details
- 2.10.2 Kehui Major Business
- 2.10.3 Kehui Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.10.4 Kehui Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.10.5 Kehui Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.11 KoCoS
- 2.11.1 KoCoS Details
- 2.11.2 KoCoS Major Business
- 2.11.3 KoCoS Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.11.4 KoCoS Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.11.5 KoCoS Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.12 Shenzhen Shuanghe
- 2.12.1 Shenzhen Shuanghe Details
- 2.12.2 Shenzhen Shuanghe Major Business
- 2.12.3 Shenzhen Shuanghe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.12.4 Shenzhen Shuanghe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.12.5 Shenzhen Shuanghe Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.13 ERLPhase Power Technologies
- 2.13.1 ERLPhase Power Technologies Details
- 2.13.2 ERLPhase Power Technologies Major Business
- 2.13.3 ERLPhase Power Technologies Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.13.4 ERLPhase Power Technologies Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.13.5 ERLPhase Power Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.14 DUCATI energia
- 2.14.1 DUCATI energia Details
- 2.14.2 DUCATI energia Major Business
- 2.14.3 DUCATI energia Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.14.4 DUCATI energia Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.14.5 DUCATI energia Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.15 APP Engineering
- 2.15.1 APP Engineering Details
- 2.15.2 APP Engineering Major Business
- 2.15.3 APP Engineering Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.15.4 APP Engineering Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.15.5 APP Engineering Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.16 Utility Systems Inc
- 2.16.1 Utility Systems Inc Details
- 2.16.2 Utility Systems Inc Major Business
- 2.16.3 Utility Systems Inc Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.16.4 Utility Systems Inc Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.16.5 Utility Systems Inc Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.17 Mehta Tech
- 2.17.1 Mehta Tech Details
- 2.17.2 Mehta Tech Major Business
- 2.17.3 Mehta Tech Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Product and Services
- 2.17.4 Mehta Tech Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
- 2.17.5 Mehta Tech Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Electricity Digital Fault Recorder by Manufacturer
- 3.1 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2021-2026)
- 3.2 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Revenue by Manufacturer (2021-2026)
- 3.3 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Average Price by Manufacturer (2021-2026)
- 3.4 Market Share Analysis (2025)
- 3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Electricity Digital Fault Recorder by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2025
- 3.4.2 Top 3 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Manufacturer Market Share in 2025
- 3.4.3 Top 6 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Manufacturer Market Share in 2025
- 3.5 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
- 3.5.1 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market: Region Footprint
- 3.5.2 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market: Company Product Type Footprint
- 3.5.3 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market: Company Product Application Footprint
- 3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
- 3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
- 4.1 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size by Region
- 4.1.1 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.1.2 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.1.3 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Average Price by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.2 North America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.3 Europe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.4 Asia-Pacific Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.5 South America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value (2021-2032)
- 4.6 Middle East & Africa Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value (2021-2032)
5 Market Segment by Type
- 5.1 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 5.2 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 5.3 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Average Price by Type (2021-2032)
6 Market Segment by Application
- 6.1 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.2 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.3 Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Average Price by Application (2021-2032)
7 North America
- 7.1 North America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 7.2 North America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 7.3 North America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size by Country
- 7.3.1 North America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 7.3.2 North America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 8.2 Europe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 8.3 Europe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size by Country
- 8.3.1 Europe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.3.2 Europe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
9 Asia-Pacific
- 9.1 Asia-Pacific Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.2 Asia-Pacific Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.3 Asia-Pacific Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size by Region
- 9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Region (2021-2032)
- 9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Region (2021-2032)
- 9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.5 South Korea Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
10 South America
- 10.1 South America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.2 South America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.3 South America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 South America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 10.3.2 South America Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
11 Middle East & Africa
- 11.1 Middle East & Africa Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.2 Middle East & Africa Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.3 Middle East & Africa Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Size by Country
- 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Sales Quantity by Country (2021-2032)
- 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Consumption Value by Country (2021-2032)
- 11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
- 11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2021-2032)
12 Market Dynamics
- 12.1 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Drivers
- 12.2 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Market Restraints
- 12.3 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Trends Analysis
- 12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
- 12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
- 12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
- 13.1 Raw Material of Electricity Digital Fault Recorder and Key Manufacturers
- 13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Electricity Digital Fault Recorder
- 13.3 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Production Process
- 13.4 Industry Value Chain Analysis
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
- 14.1 Sales Channel
- 14.1.1 Direct to End-User
- 14.1.2 Distributors
- 14.2 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Typical Distributors
- 14.3 Electricity Digital Fault Recorder Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
- 16.1 Methodology
- 16.2 Research Process and Data Source
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market size was valued at US$ 300 million in 2025 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 460 million by 2032 with a CAGR of 6.6% during review period.
In 2025, global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder capacity is 50,000 units, with production reached approximately 36,000 units, with an average global market price of around US$ 8,100 per unit.The market gross margin is mainly 30%-40%.
An Electricity Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) is a power system monitoring device designed to continuously sample, store, and analyze electrical signals such as voltage, current, and digital status during normal operation and fault conditions. When a disturbance or protection event occurs, the DFR captures high-resolution waveform data before, during, and after the event, enabling precise fault reconstruction and root-cause analysis. Digital fault recorders are widely deployed in transmission and distribution networks, substations, and power plants to support system protection validation, post-fault investigation, and grid reliability improvement.
The industry chain of electricity digital fault recorders can be divided into upstream components, midstream manufacturing and system integration, and downstream applications and services.
Upstream suppliers provide core electronic components and subsystems, including high-precision analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), signal conditioning circuits, embedded processors (DSP/FPGA/SoC), memory devices, communication modules, GPS/Beidou time-synchronization units, and industrial-grade power supplies. Sensor interfaces rely on conventional CT/PT secondary signals or, in digital substations, sampled values (SV) over IEC 61850 networks.
Midstream players are DFR manufacturers and system integrators. They are responsible for hardware design, firmware and algorithm development, event triggering logic, time synchronization, data compression, cybersecurity, and compliance with grid standards. Many suppliers offer integrated solutions combining fault recording, sequence-of-events (SOE), disturbance analysis, and power quality monitoring.
Downstream users include transmission system operators, distribution utilities, power generation companies, industrial power users, and rail or metro power systems. Supporting services such as system commissioning, data analytics software, maintenance, and lifecycle upgrades form an additional value layer.
The market for electricity digital fault recorders is expected to maintain steady long-term growth, driven by grid modernization, increasing power system complexity, and rising reliability requirements. As power grids integrate higher shares of renewable energy, power electronics, and distributed generation, fault characteristics become faster, more transient, and harder to diagnose using traditional protection devices alone. This trend significantly increases the value of high-resolution digital fault recording.
Transmission and high-voltage substations remain the core demand segment, particularly for synchronized and high-speed DFRs supporting wide-area fault analysis and post-event reconstruction. At the same time, distribution networks are emerging as a new growth driver, as utilities deploy compact and cost-optimized fault recorders for feeder monitoring, outage analysis, and automation programs.
Another key growth factor is the transition toward digital substations and IEC 61850 architectures. Digital fault recorders capable of processing sampled values (SV) and GOOSE messages are increasingly favored, reducing wiring complexity and enabling tighter integration with protection and control systems. Time-synchronized recording using GPS or Beidou also supports system-wide event correlation and grid resilience analysis.
From a regional perspective, demand is strongest in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and parts of Latin America, where grid expansion and renewable integration are accelerating. In mature markets such as Europe and North America, replacement of legacy analog or early-generation digital recorders, combined with cybersecurity and software upgrades, sustains stable demand.
Overall, electricity digital fault recorders are evolving from standalone recording devices into data-centric grid diagnostics platforms, positioning them as essential infrastructure for future smart and resilient power systems.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2021-2032
Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2021-2032
Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2021-2032
Global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2021-2026
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Electricity Digital Fault Recorder
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market based on the following parameters - company overview, sales quantity, revenue, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Siemens, GE Grid Solutions, ABB, Wuhan Zhongyuan, Qualitrol, Elspec LTD, Kinken, Ametek, NR Electric, Kehui, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
Market Segmentation
Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2021-2032, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Sampling Frequency Less Than 10kHZ
10kHZ to 20kHZ
Sampling Frequency More Than 20kHZ
Market segment by Sampling Type
Synchronous Sampling Type
Asynchronous Sampling Type
Market segment by Function
Standard Digital Fault Recorder
Smart Digital Fault Recorder
Market segment by Application
Power Generation
Substations
Others
Major players covered
Siemens
GE Grid Solutions
ABB
Wuhan Zhongyuan
Qualitrol
Elspec LTD
Kinken
Ametek
NR Electric
Kehui
KoCoS
Shenzhen Shuanghe
ERLPhase Power Technologies
DUCATI energia
APP Engineering
Utility Systems Inc
Mehta Tech
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Electricity Digital Fault Recorder, with price, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of Electricity Digital Fault Recorder from 2021 to 2026.
Chapter 3, the Electricity Digital Fault Recorder competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Electricity Digital Fault Recorder breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value, and growth by regions, from 2021 to 2032.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and by Application, with sales market share and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2021 to 2032.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value, and market share for key countries in the world, from 2021 to 2026.and Electricity Digital Fault Recorder market forecast, by regions, by Type, and by Application, with sales and revenue, from 2027 to 2032.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, and Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Electricity Digital Fault Recorder.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Electricity Digital Fault Recorder sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.