Global Commercial Blenders Industry Market Research Report
Global Commercial Blenders Industry Market Research Report
1 Commercial Blenders Introduction and Market Overview
- 1.1 Objectives of the Study
- 1.2 Definition of Commercial Blenders
- 1.3 Commercial Blenders Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
- 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
- 1.3.2 Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
- 1.4 Market Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Types of Commercial Blenders
- 1.4.2 Applications of Commercial Blenders
- 1.4.3 Research Regions
- 1.4.3.1 North America Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.2 Europe Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.3 China Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.4 Japan Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.6 India Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.7 South America Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.5 Market Dynamics
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Commercial Blenders
- 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Commercial Blenders
- 1.5.2 Limitations
- 1.5.3 Opportunities
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
- 1.6.1 Industry News
- 1.6.2 Industry Policies
2 Industry Chain Analysis
- 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Commercial Blenders Analysis
- 2.2 Major Players of Commercial Blenders
- 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Commercial Blenders in 2021
- 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
- 2.3 Commercial Blenders Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
- 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
- 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Commercial Blenders
- 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Commercial Blenders
- 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Commercial Blenders
- 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Commercial Blenders
- 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Commercial Blenders Analysis
3 Global Commercial Blenders Market, by Type
- 3.1 Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.2 Global Commercial Blenders Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.3 Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Global Commercial Blenders Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)
4 Commercial Blenders Market, by Application
- 4.1 Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
- 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
- 4.3 Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
5 Global Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.1 Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.2 Global Commercial Blenders Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.3 Global Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.4 North America Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.5 Europe Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.6 China Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.7 Japan Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.9 India Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.10 South America Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6 Global Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.1 Global Commercial Blenders Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.2 North America Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.3 Europe Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.4 China Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.5 Japan Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.6 Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.7 India Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.8 South America Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
7 Global Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions
- 7.1 North America Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.2 Europe Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.3 China Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.4 Japan Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.5 Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.6 India Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.7 South America Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis
8 Competitive Landscape
- 8.1 Competitive Profile
- 8.2 Waring
- 8.2.1 Company Profiles
- 8.2.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.2.3 Waring Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.2.4 Waring Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.3 Froothie
- 8.3.1 Company Profiles
- 8.3.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.3.3 Froothie Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.3.4 Froothie Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.4 Lancer
- 8.4.1 Company Profiles
- 8.4.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.4.3 Lancer Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.4.4 Lancer Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.5 Vitamix
- 8.5.1 Company Profiles
- 8.5.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.5.3 Vitamix Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.5.4 Vitamix Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.6 Vortex
- 8.6.1 Company Profiles
- 8.6.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.6.3 Vortex Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.6.4 Vortex Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.7 Blendtec
- 8.7.1 Company Profiles
- 8.7.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.7.3 Blendtec Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.7.4 Blendtec Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.8 Ninja
- 8.8.1 Company Profiles
- 8.8.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.8.3 Ninja Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.8.4 Ninja Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.9 Hamilton Beach
- 8.9.1 Company Profiles
- 8.9.2 Commercial Blenders Product Introduction
- 8.9.3 Hamilton Beach Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.9.4 Hamilton Beach Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
9 Global Commercial Blenders Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
- 9.1 Global Commercial Blenders Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
- 9.1.1 Plastic Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.2 Stainless Steel Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.3 Glass Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2 Global Commercial Blenders Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
- 9.2.1 Food Industry Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.2 Construction Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.3 Mining Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.4 Oil and Gas Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.5 Other Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
10 Commercial Blenders Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
- 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
- 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
- 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Research Finding and Conclusion
13 Appendix
- 13.1 Discussion Guide
- 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
- 13.3 Research Data Source
- 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture of Commercial Blenders
Table Product Specification of Commercial Blenders
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Commercial Blenders
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
Table Different Types of Commercial Blenders
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022
Figure Plastic Picture
Figure Stainless Steel Picture
Figure Glass Picture
Table Different Applications of Commercial Blenders
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022
Figure Food Industry Picture
Figure Construction Picture
Figure Mining Picture
Figure Oil and Gas Picture
Figure Other Picture
Table Research Regions of Commercial Blenders
Figure North America Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table China Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Japan Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table India Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America Commercial Blenders Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Emerging Countries of Commercial Blenders
Table Growing Market of Commercial Blenders
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Commercial Blenders
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Commercial Blenders with Contact Information
Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Commercial Blenders in 2021
Table Major Players Commercial Blenders Product Types in 2021
Figure Production Process of Commercial Blenders
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Commercial Blenders
Figure Channel Status of Commercial Blenders
Table Major Distributors of Commercial Blenders with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Commercial Blenders with Contact Information
Table Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Production by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Growth Rate of Plastic
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Growth Rate of Stainless Steel
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) and Growth Rate of Glass
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Price by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Industry (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Construction (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Mining (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Oil and Gas (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Production by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table North America Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table South America Commercial Blenders Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Blenders Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table China Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Japan Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table India Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure China Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure India Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure South America Commercial Blenders Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Commercial Blenders SWOT Analysis
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Commercial Blenders Companies
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Commercial Blenders Companies
Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Waring Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Waring Production and Growth Rate
Figure Waring Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Waring Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Froothie Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Froothie Production and Growth Rate
Figure Froothie Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Froothie Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Lancer Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Lancer Production and Growth Rate
Figure Lancer Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Lancer Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Vitamix Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Vitamix Production and Growth Rate
Figure Vitamix Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Vitamix Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Vortex Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Vortex Production and Growth Rate
Figure Vortex Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Vortex Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Blendtec Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Blendtec Production and Growth Rate
Figure Blendtec Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Blendtec Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Ninja Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Ninja Production and Growth Rate
Figure Ninja Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Ninja Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Hamilton Beach Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Hamilton Beach Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hamilton Beach Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Hamilton Beach Market Share of Commercial Blenders Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Global Commercial Blenders Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Commercial Blenders Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Plastic (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Plastic (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Stainless Steel (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Stainless Steel (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Glass (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Glass (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Industry (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Construction (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Mining (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Oil and Gas (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Blenders Consumption and Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Other (2022-2027)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Other (2022-2027)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
The Commercial Blenders market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Commercial Blenders industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Commercial Blenders market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Commercial Blenders market.
The Commercial Blenders market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Commercial Blenders market are:
Waring
Froothie
Lancer
Vitamix
Vortex
Blendtec
Ninja
Hamilton Beach
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Commercial Blenders market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others
Most important types of Commercial Blenders products covered in this report are:
Plastic
Stainless Steel
Glass
Most widely used downstream fields of Commercial Blenders market covered in this report are:
Food Industry
Construction
Mining
Oil and Gas
Other
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Commercial Blenders market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Commercial Blenders Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Commercial Blenders Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Commercial Blenders.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Commercial Blenders.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Commercial Blenders by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Commercial Blenders Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Commercial Blenders Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Commercial Blenders.
Chapter 9: Commercial Blenders Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.