Global Commercial Beverage Blender Industry Market Research Report
Global Commercial Beverage Blender Industry Market Research Report
1 Commercial Beverage Blender Introduction and Market Overview
- 1.1 Objectives of the Study
- 1.2 Definition of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 1.3 Commercial Beverage Blender Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
- 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
- 1.3.2 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
- 1.4 Market Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Types of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 1.4.2 Applications of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 1.4.3 Research Regions
- 1.4.3.1 North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.2 Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.3 China Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.4 Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.6 India Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.7 South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.5 Market Dynamics
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 1.5.2 Limitations
- 1.5.3 Opportunities
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
- 1.6.1 Industry News
- 1.6.2 Industry Policies
2 Industry Chain Analysis
- 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Commercial Beverage Blender Analysis
- 2.2 Major Players of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender in 2021
- 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
- 2.3 Commercial Beverage Blender Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
- 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
- 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Commercial Beverage Blender
- 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Commercial Beverage Blender Analysis
3 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market, by Type
- 3.1 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.2 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.3 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)
4 Commercial Beverage Blender Market, by Application
- 4.1 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
- 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
- 4.3 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
5 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.1 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.2 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.3 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.4 North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.5 Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.6 China Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.7 Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.9 India Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.10 South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.1 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.2 North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.3 Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.4 China Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.5 Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.6 Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.7 India Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.8 South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
7 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions
- 7.1 North America Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.2 Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.3 China Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.4 Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.5 Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.6 India Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.7 South America Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis
8 Competitive Landscape
- 8.1 Competitive Profile
- 8.2 Vita-Mix Corporation
- 8.2.1 Company Profiles
- 8.2.2 Commercial Beverage Blender Product Introduction
- 8.2.3 Vita-Mix Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.2.4 Vita-Mix Corporation Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.3 JTC Electronics
- 8.3.1 Company Profiles
- 8.3.2 Commercial Beverage Blender Product Introduction
- 8.3.3 JTC Electronics Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.3.4 JTC Electronics Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.4 Waring
- 8.4.1 Company Profiles
- 8.4.2 Commercial Beverage Blender Product Introduction
- 8.4.3 Waring Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.4.4 Waring Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.5 Hamilton Beach Brands
- 8.5.1 Company Profiles
- 8.5.2 Commercial Beverage Blender Product Introduction
- 8.5.3 Hamilton Beach Brands Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.5.4 Hamilton Beach Brands Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.6 Sammic
- 8.6.1 Company Profiles
- 8.6.2 Commercial Beverage Blender Product Introduction
- 8.6.3 Sammic Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.6.4 Sammic Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.7 Blendtec
- 8.7.1 Company Profiles
- 8.7.2 Commercial Beverage Blender Product Introduction
- 8.7.3 Blendtec Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.7.4 Blendtec Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
9 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
- 9.1 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
- 9.1.1 Monofunctional Blender Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.2 Undiluted Liquid Blender Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.3 Multifunction Blender Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2 Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
- 9.2.1 Juice Bars, Clubs, and Pubs Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.2 Restaurants Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
10 Commercial Beverage Blender Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
- 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
- 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
- 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Research Finding and Conclusion
13 Appendix
- 13.1 Discussion Guide
- 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
- 13.3 Research Data Source
- 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture of Commercial Beverage Blender
Table Product Specification of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
Table Different Types of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022
Figure Monofunctional Blender Picture
Figure Undiluted Liquid Blender Picture
Figure Multifunction Blender Picture
Table Different Applications of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022
Figure Juice Bars, Clubs, and Pubs Picture
Figure Restaurants Picture
Table Research Regions of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table China Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table India Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Emerging Countries of Commercial Beverage Blender
Table Growing Market of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Commercial Beverage Blender
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Commercial Beverage Blender with Contact Information
Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Commercial Beverage Blender in 2021
Table Major Players Commercial Beverage Blender Product Types in 2021
Figure Production Process of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Commercial Beverage Blender
Figure Channel Status of Commercial Beverage Blender
Table Major Distributors of Commercial Beverage Blender with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Commercial Beverage Blender with Contact Information
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Growth Rate of Monofunctional Blender
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Growth Rate of Undiluted Liquid Blender
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) and Growth Rate of Multifunction Blender
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Price by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate of Juice Bars, Clubs, and Pubs (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate of Restaurants (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table China Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table India Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure China Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure India Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure South America Commercial Beverage Blender Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Commercial Beverage Blender SWOT Analysis
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Companies
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Companies
Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Vita-Mix Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Vita-Mix Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Vita-Mix Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Vita-Mix Corporation Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table JTC Electronics Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure JTC Electronics Production and Growth Rate
Figure JTC Electronics Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure JTC Electronics Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Waring Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Waring Production and Growth Rate
Figure Waring Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Waring Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Hamilton Beach Brands Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Hamilton Beach Brands Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hamilton Beach Brands Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Hamilton Beach Brands Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Sammic Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Sammic Production and Growth Rate
Figure Sammic Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Sammic Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Blendtec Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Blendtec Production and Growth Rate
Figure Blendtec Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Blendtec Market Share of Commercial Beverage Blender Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Monofunctional Blender (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Monofunctional Blender (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Undiluted Liquid Blender (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Undiluted Liquid Blender (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Multifunction Blender (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Multifunction Blender (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate of Juice Bars, Clubs, and Pubs (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Beverage Blender Consumption and Growth Rate of Restaurants (2017-2022)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Restaurants (2022-2027)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Restaurants (2022-2027)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
The Commercial Beverage Blender market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Commercial Beverage Blender industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Commercial Beverage Blender market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Commercial Beverage Blender market.
The Commercial Beverage Blender market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Commercial Beverage Blender market are:
Vita-Mix Corporation
JTC Electronics
Waring
Hamilton Beach Brands
Sammic
Blendtec
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Commercial Beverage Blender market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others
Most important types of Commercial Beverage Blender products covered in this report are:
Monofunctional Blender
Undiluted Liquid Blender
Multifunction Blender
Most widely used downstream fields of Commercial Beverage Blender market covered in this report are:
Juice Bars, Clubs, and Pubs
Restaurants
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Commercial Beverage Blender market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Commercial Beverage Blender Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Commercial Beverage Blender Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Commercial Beverage Blender.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Commercial Beverage Blender.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Commercial Beverage Blender by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Commercial Beverage Blender Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Commercial Beverage Blender Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Commercial Beverage Blender.
Chapter 9: Commercial Beverage Blender Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.